Biology study Guide

Mass and volume are both examples of _____ properties

extensive

An ______ property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

extensive

An ______ property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample not the amount of matter. Absorbency is an example

intensive

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a ____

substance

Aluminum and copper are examples of substances, which are also referred to as ___ substances

pure

Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same_____

composition

______ means that they can be hammered into sheets without breaking. (Similar between Copper and aluminum)

malleability

hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are all examples of___ properties

physical

A _____ property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the subjects composition

physical

A ____ is a physical blend of two or more components

mixture

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout or evenly distributed is a _____ mixture

heterogeneous

A _____ mixture is a mixture in which the composition is evenly distributed, or uniform, throughout

homogeneous

Another name for a homogenous mixture is a _____

Solution

The term____ is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

phase

A homogeneous mixture. consists of a single phase, BUT a heterogenous mixture consists of two or more phases (T/F)

true

The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture is called_____

filtration

During _____ a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

distillation

An _____ is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

element

There are ____ elements listed in the periodic table. There about ____ naturally occurring elements known on earth.

118, 90

A ____ is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

compound

A key difference BETWEEN elements and compounds is that compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements can not (T/F)

true

A ____ is a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

chemical change

Substances have a definite composition and are homogenous (T/F)

true

Chemists use chemical _____ to represents elements, and chemical formulas to represent compounds.

symbols

Swedish Chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius based his symbols (symbols used in todays elements) on ___ names of elements

Latin

_____ in chemical formulas tell you how many of each type of element are in the compound.

Subscripts

A _____ is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties.

Periodic Table

The elements are listed in order from left to right and top to bottom by _____ number, a number that is unique to each element. Will appear centered above the elements symbol

atomic

Each of the 7 horizontal rows of the Periodic table is called a____

period

Each vertical column of the Periodic Table is called a ____ or family

group

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change us called a____

chemical property

During a physical change, the composition of the matter ____ changes

never

During a chemical change, the composition of the matter _____ changes

always

One or more substances change into one or more new substances during a____

chemical reaction

A substance present at the start of the reaction is a ____

reactant

A substance produced in the reaction is a _____

product

Possible clues to chemical change include a transfer of energy, a change in color, the production of gas, or the formation of a precipitate.

true

A _____ is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

percipitate

During any chemical reaction, the mass of the product is always equal to the mass of the reactants.

true

The law of ____ states that in any physical change or chemical reactant, mass is conserved. Mass is neither created or destroyed

conservation mass

Two atoms of different element will definitely have different____

protons

What is the mass number of this Neon atom (top number on the left side)

21

The atomic number is equal to___

the number of protons

What is the definition of isotope?

atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

Which atom has 4 neutrons

Li-7

An atom that has gained or loss electrons in an attempt to become stable/bond with another atom

Ion

Which particle changes in an ion

The number of electrons

What type of atom is element C

ion

Explain what happens when an atom gains electrons

When an atom gains electrons, the atom ends up with more electrons than protons, resulting in an overall negative charge. Negatively charged ions are called anions.

Explain what happens when an atom loses electrons

When an atom loses electrons, the atom ends up with more protons (+charge) than electrons resulting in an overall positive charge. Positively charged Ions are called cations.