US HIST 1302- Unit 1 Exam

This is basic US HIST, might help for AP but I generally made it for US HIST II (the college class)

Transcontinental Railroad

First Railroad that connected the East Coast to the West, completed in 1887.

Sharecropping

A system where a tenant farmed a landowner’s land in exchange for a portion of land. People rent the land (40 acres), and when harvest time comes, they owe the landowner 50% of the harvest. (The owner restricts what kind of crop you could grow and what was mostly grown was cotton)

Pacific Railroad Act

Legislation empowered Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad. The law authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States.

Homestead Act

Legislation passed in 1862 that granted 160 acres of public land to occupy and improve it for five years and buy it for $10.

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas in the late 19th century seeking land and opportunities after the Civil War.

Plessy v Ferguson

A landmark Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Oklahoma Land Rush

A series of land runs in 1889 that allowed settlers to claim land in Oklahoma Territory, leading to rapid settlement and the establishment of towns.

Central Pacific Railroad

A major railway company that built a significant portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, connecting California with the eastern states.

Union Pacific Railroad

A major railway company that constructed the western portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad, linking Nebraska to the west coast.

Dawes Act

Legislation passed in 1887 aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land and granting U.S. citizenship.

Wovoka

The prophet who shared the idea of the Ghost Dance. A Paiute prophet who promoted the Ghost Dance movement, advocating for Native American revival and resistance against European American encroachment.

Ghost Dance

A spiritual movement among Native Americans in the late 19th century, emphasizing renewal and the hope for a return to traditional ways, which included the belief that ancestors would rise and restore the land.

Ethnocentrism

A belief that one’s own ethnic or cultural is superior to others

Assimilation

When a minority group adopts the culture of a majority group, often resulting in a loss of the minority group’s original identity.

Wounded Knee Massacre

Promontory Point

Location in Utah where the final spike of the transcontinental railroad was laid in 1869. Linked the Union pacific from the East and the CentraL Pacific from the West.

Mexican-American Losses

Mexican-American War, Seizure of Communal Land. 2 million acres of land they could keep

Sooners

People who entered the Oklahoma Territory before the official opening for settlement in 1889

Laissez-Faire

Minimal government involvement in the Economy.

Crop-Lein System

A credit system allowing farmers to borrow money against future harvests to buy supplies.

Westward Expansion

The movement of Americans west across the US, driven by factors like economic opportunity , desire to claim land, etc.

Indian Policy

The relationship between the United States government and American Indian and Alaska Native tribes

Child labor

Jim Crow Laws

A system of racial segregation and disenfranchisement that were enforced in the US. Poll taxes, Grandfather Clause, Literacy tests, and Understanding clauses.

Disenfranchisement

the state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote (this was towards the non-white people).

Lynching

Unlawful killing of people, especially without a trial

Convict-lease system

A system after the civil war in which the Southern Government took prisoners to private industries like railways, mines, etc.

WTCU

Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Carrie Nation

Tenement House

Apartments that were subdivided for immigrants

Vagrancy

Homelessness

Pig Law

A felony to steal anything equal of value to a pig or more

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Formed after the Civil War by Nathan Bedford. Attacked people and lynched non-white people

Poll tax

tax as a prerequisite for voting

Grandfather Clause

suppressed African Americans from voting

Great Migration

Massive increase in migration, from southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Russia, etc.

Naturalization Act of 1870

US law that allowed African Americans to become naturalized citizens and vote (5-14 years for citizenships)

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Stopped immigration for Asian countries

Nativism

Policy favoring natives more than immigrants

Ellis Island

Immigration station

Tammany Hall

Led by the most infamous party boss, Boss Tweed

Political Machine

Organization led by a party boss and would control politics in the city that it is in

Spoils system

The process in which you get elected and you owe the party boss

Progressivism

Political movement interested in furthering social and political reform

Muckrakers

Journalists who dig up the dirt, exposing society’s ills

Upton Sinclair

Wanted to expose the plight of immigrants and the work places. The place hat the meat was sold was contaminated by rats and spread poison. sometimes the meat was mashed up with the rodents. Wrote the book “the Jungle” to do this.

Ida Tarbell

wrote “History of the Standard Oil Company” which talks about how Standard Boil Company is a company

Jane Addams

Founded the Hull House

Hull House

A settlement (in Chicago) that offered education and serves to working-class immigrants to help reduce poverty

Eugene Debs

Founded the Union, Industrial Workers of the World. Was arrested and put in prison for six months for his involvements with the Pullman strike. Even for President from prison

Socialism

Economic System in which industries are owned by the workers instead of the private businesses

Anthony Comstock

made the Comstock Act which gave the government the right to open the amil and see what’s inside

Juvenile Protective Association

Rules that certain dances and provocation touched couldn’t happen.

National Woman Suffrage Movement

Prohibited Women from voting

19th Amendment

ratified on August 18th, 1920, gave women the right to vote

18th Amendment

Prohibited the sale, transportation and manufacture of alcohol in the US

Margaret Sanger

made the word, birth control, worked with a scientists to make this

Australian Ballot

A secret ballot

United Mine Workers

Union throughout to US and Canada for mineworkers, etc. When they had a strike in 1902, Teddy Roosevelt put an end to it after 5 years

Northern Securities Case

Precedent for the federal antitrust Regulation. Helped Roosevelt establish his reputation as a trust buster

William H. Taft

Successor that Theodore choose, was a bad president

FRQ: Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive President, was a trustbuster, made the Pure Food and Drug Act (PF&DA), was very popular, picked William Taft as his successor, Rough Rider, United Miner Workers, Created the National Park System, football, reason why they are called Teddy bears.

FRQ: Sharecropping

Rent 40 acres of land, and when the harvest comes, you owe the landowner 50% of the harvest. The buyers often received supplies and a cabin to live in. What was mostly grown was cotton and the landowner had the right to restrict what kind of crops you could grow.

FRQ: Upton Sinclair

He was a muckraker, author and political activists. His book, “The Jungle” exposed the unsanitary condition of the meatpacking industry. This caused an uproar that led to the PF & DA.

FRQ: Ghost Dance

A Native American spiritual movement in the 1880’s. They had a belief that the dance would bring back to spirit of their ancestors and drive out the white settlers. This idea was brought by Wovoka. However, this dance also led to the Wounded Massacre in which the US troops killed many Lakota people.

FRQ: Ellis Island

It was America’s largest immigration station, processing over 12 million immigrants. Before these immigrants were let in, they had to be checked there for any type of illness or disease. In Ellis Island, the immigrants were led to live in tenements, apartments that were shared.

FRQ: Anthony Comstock

He was a US Postal Inspector. He led to the Comstock Act of 1873 to be approved. This act prohibited the mailing of obscene materials and abortion-related materials. He also prohibited the mailing of letters about dating among unmarried people. He prohibited UPS and FedEx from mailing items like this. However the Comstock Act is still active today, it still bans the mail of illegal abortion materials.

FRQ: Transcontinental Rail Road

It opened the West, connecting the East Coast to the West Coast. Led to the Pacific Railroad Act (Empowered the Union and Central Pacific Railroad Companies). It received about 16K-48K to make it built faster. Because of the Civil War, they was a lot of labor shortage, so they had to employed Irish and Chinese Immigrants.

Political Machines

It is a party organization that recruits members using incentives (such as money). They often help immigrants with issues in return for their own political appointment and favor. There was a spoils system, that if you get elected, you owe the party boss that helped you win. In Chicago, owning Tammany Hill, Boss Tweed, the most infamous party boss owned there. Although he helped a lot for people, he let his greed get the best him and got him arrested for embezzlement of funds.