High and Low Pressure Systems

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These flashcards cover key concepts related to the development of high and low-pressure systems in meteorology, focusing on mechanisms such as extratropical cyclones, pressure imbalances, and air movement.

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18 Terms

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Extratropical Cyclones

Weather systems developing due to imbalances between pressure gradient force (PGF) and Coriolis force.

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Friction in Boundary Layer

Friction acts primarily in the boundary layer and ultimately destroys extratropical cyclones.

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Convergence

The process in an air column where weight increases, leading to rising surface pressure.

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Divergence

The process in an air column where weight decreases, leading to falling surface pressure.

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Vertical Motions

Movements related to convergence and divergence fields in the atmosphere.

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Hydrostatic Balance

Condition where air rises or falls due to compression or evacuation of air.

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Cyclone

A weather system associated with clouds and precipitation.

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Anticyclone

A weather system associated with clear skies.

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Curved Flow

The flow of air causing changes in pressure and direction between isobars.

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Geostrophic Flow

The theoretical flow of air in balance with the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force.

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Subgeostrophic Flow

Flow that is slower than the geostrophic value.

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Supergeostrophic Flow

Flow that is faster than the geostrophic value.

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Curvature Effect

Mechanism influencing the creation of low and high-pressure centers.

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Jetstreaks

Regions of increased wind speed in the jet stream that influence divergence and convergence.

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Friction Layer

Layer where friction reduces wind speed and alters air flow direction.

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Latent Heating

Increase in temperature due to the release of latent heat during condensation.

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Radiative Cooling

Decrease in temperature due to the loss of heat energy to space.

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Intensification of Low Pressure & Weakening of High Pressure

Occurs when divergence aloft exceeds convergence at the surface.