The Beginning of Global War

William Phips

Known for his dual role as a pirate and an English commander, notably for his unsuccessful attempt to capture Quebec City.

Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac

His leadership during Quebec's defense against English forces highlighted the region's strategic importance.

'Beyond the Line'

A concept illustrating the separate rules of engagement between European powers in the New World compared to Europe.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

An advocate of mercantilism who emphasized the role of colonies in enriching their mother countries through regulated trade.

Navigation Acts (1651)

Mandated that all goods imported into England and its colonies be transported on English ships, aiming to eliminate Dutch intermediaries.

St. Christopher (St. Kitts)

Shared control by the English and French exemplified the geopolitical importance of Caribbean colonies.

War of the League of Augsburg

A conflict that represented shifts in warfare, focusing on trade and empire rather than merely territory.

Colonial Raids and Native Alliances

Differing from European strategies, French alliances with Native Americans used guerrilla tactics in warfare.

Struggle for Naval Supremacy

The Royal Navy evolved into a dominant force, reflecting the British focus on naval strength and balance of power.

Notable Naval Engagements

Events like Sir Francis Wheler's failed attempt to take Martinique illustrate the struggle for naval dominance.

Louisbourg Fortress

A strategic French stronghold whose capture by New England forces in 1710 demonstrated its military importance.

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Ended hostilities and returned Louisbourg to France, showcasing the complex diplomacy between colonial ambitions and European politics.

Global Warfare

Marked by the deep interconnection between European ambitions and colonial enterprises, involving economic control and trade.