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Why should cosmetologists understand hair and scalp properties?
To recommend hair loss treatments effectively by identifying hair growth cycles and types of hair loss.
What are the living portions of hair below the skin surface EXCEPT _____
The arrector pili muscle
What are the two parts of a human hair strand?
The root and the shaft
What surrounds the hair root and anchors hair in the skin?
The hair follicle.
Which part of the hair root provides nutrients for growth?
The dermal papilla.
What is the structure of the hair shaft?
Composed of three layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
What describes the medulla of the hair?
The hair's pith or core.
Which layer provides strength, elasticity, and color to hair?
The cortex.
When can a cosmetologist allow the hair to cool during curling?
When hydrogen side bonds are broken by heat.
What component of hair is analyzed by sliding fingers from end to scalp?
Porosity
What is the phase of the hair growth cycle in which the hair can shed?
Telogen phase.
Which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle canal shrink and detach from the dermal papilla?
Catagen phase.
What conclusion can a cosmetologist make if a client expresses concern about not being able to grow the hair beyond shoulder length?
The anagen phase of the client's hair growth is shorter than in other people's hair growth.
The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of which system?
Integumentary system.
Hair is approximately what percent protein?
90%.
What is a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds called?
Polypeptide chain.
What are the three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together?
Hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds.
Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?
Coarse hair.
What describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp?
Hair density.
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called?
Hair porosity.
Why should cosmetologists understand hair and scalp disorders and diseases?
To better recommend hair loss treatments by identifying differences between common and irregular hair loss.
What is defined as hair loss in round or irregularly shaped patches caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles?
Alopecia areata.
What are the causes of hair loss?
Factors like hormonal changes, genetics, and autoimmune conditions, but not extreme stress.
When does alopecia areata most often begin?
In childhood.
The following are all true statements about congenital canities EXCEPT?
Narrowing of the hair shaft.
Which hair disorder is characterized by brittle hair EXCEPT?
Hirsuties.
What treatment is recommended for a client with trichorrhexis nodosa?
Softening the hair with conditioners.
What is the cause of pityriasis?
Fungal infection.
Which infection can a cosmetologist provide treatment for?
Trichoptilosis.
What are indications of scabies?
Itchiness and a bumpy rash with blisters on the scalp.
What is the complete loss of all body hair called?
Alopecia universalis.
What is temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy called?
Postpartum alopecia.
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
Monilethrix.
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
Fragilitas crinium.
What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?
Furuncle.
Why should cosmetologists understand shampooing, conditioning, and basic scalp care?
For effective hair service preparation and infection control.
Why consider a scalp massage in hair service preparation?
To remove excess sebum, dirt, and product buildup.
What is a benefit of using three-part hair care services?
It ensures proper hygiene and treatment efficacy.
When is it most effective to seek information on a client's hair and scalp needs?
Before services begin during the consultation.
How often should a cosmetologist hold a consultation with a client?
Before every service.
Which shampooing and conditioning question is irrelevant in consultation?
How often do you brush your hair when it is wet?
What type of draping has a smaller neck strip?
Styling draping.
Which is a step in the professional draping procedure EXCEPT?
Ask the client to fasten the cape around the neck.
What is a proper step for shampoo service draping?
Make sure the cape doesn’t touch the clients skin.
What describes the draping step for a chemical service?
Place a towel across the shoulders, under the chin, and apply the cape.
How often should draping capes be laundered?
After each use.
What is a benefit of brushing hair EXCEPT?
Brushing strengthens hair follicles and reduces hair loss.
When should a cosmetologist perform a scalp massage?
During shampooing.
How are effleurage and petrissage techniques different?
Effleurage uses movements along the scalp, while petrissage uses pushing and kneading.
How should a cosmetologist design a scalp massage for dry scalp?
Use petrissage to loosen flakes.
How can a cosmetologist improve dry and brittle hair?
Restore moisture balance with a scalp steamer.
What is the scalp treatment plan for straight textured hair with a dry scalp?
Prebrush then treat with a gentle moisturizing preparation.
Which scalp treatment does NOT recommend prebrushing?
Antidandruff treatment.
What should the manager do when services drop after moving to a rural area?
Test the water for hardness.
When is a clarifying shampoo recommended?
When there is product buildup.
Which shampoo type benefits a client with dry, brittle hair?
Oil shampoo.
What could happen if a client with dry hair uses a balancing shampoo?
Because balancing shampoo removes excess oiliness, the client’s hair is likely to further dry out.
Which conditioner type is suitable for daily use?
Rinse-out conditioners.
How do conditioners benefit hair?
Infuse moisture and protect against breakage.
What could be a possible cause of a client's dry hair if using olive oil for scalp treatment?
Using too much oil causes buildup, contributing to dry hair.
Why use an astringent lotion for scalp treatment?
To remove accumulated oil and promote healing.
When draping for a basic shampoo, where should the cape not touch?
The client's skin.
What should NOT be done when detecting abrasions?
Massaging or manipulating the scalp.
What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and stimulation.
How should hair be shampooed?
As often as necessary.
What classifies a product in terms of solution?
Measuring hydrogen content for alkalinity or acidity.
What substances absorb moisture in hair?
Humectants.
Why study chemical texture services?
It's not compulsory for employment conditions.
How do chemical hair relaxers work?
They raise pH to reach the cortex for restructuring.
Which ingredient causes a higher frequency of curl reversion in relaxers?
Sodium hydroxide.
How does thio neutralization differ from hydroxide neutralization?
It involves oxidation.
Why avoid metal clips with relaxer products?
They could cause a chemical reaction when used with a relaxer.
Under which condition can a texture service be performed?
Following strand analysis showing low porosity and high elasticity.
Why does a client frequently consuming caffeine matter with relaxer services?
Caffeine can increase irritation risks due to blood circulation.
What condition could cause a cosmetologist to decline relaxer services?
Pins-and-needles sensation and thinning hair.
How does a relaxer retouch differ from a virgin relaxer?
It is used only on new hair growth.
When using a virgin relaxer, where should the relaxer be applied first?
Midshaft, then ends and scalp.
What perm type should a cosmetologist recommend for non-porous hair?
Alkaline/cold wave.
Which perm type is processed without a heat source?
Alkaline waves.
What is an indication of overprocessed hair?
Curlier at the scalp but straighter at the ends.
When processed correctly, what percent of disulfide bonds does a perm break and rebuild?
50 percent.
Which placement minimizes stress on hair when using perm rods?
45 degrees below perpendicular.
Which rods have a uniform diameter, except?
Concave rods.
What prevents fishhooks in perming?
End papers.
What is a proper technique for winding hair on perm rods?
Use end papers above and below the base panel.
How many rods are used per base section when dividing hair for perm wraps?
One rod, size determined by rod length and width.
What service uses a thio-based chemical process for loose curls?
Soft curl permanent.
Which wrapping pattern provides flexibility for directional flow in perms?
Bricklay.
Where should bands be placed on perm rods?
On the top.
Why perform test curls before permanent wave service?
To determine if a different rod size is needed.
What should clients do to preserve moisture after a soft curl perm?
Apply protective base cream and wear a cap at night.
What is the technique for unwinding test curls?
Unwind two or three turns.
What is the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves?
Ammonium thioglycolate.
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?
Glyceryl monothioglycolate.
What is the primary function of hair on the human body?
To provide protection to the skin and regulate body temperature.
What is the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle?
The active growth phase where hair follicles are producing new hair.
How does hair texture vary among individuals?
Hair texture can range from straight, wavy, to curly, influenced by genetics.
What impact does humidity have on hair?
Humidity can cause hair to swell, leading to frizz and loss of style.
What is the purpose of the cuticle in hair structure?
The cuticle protects the inner layers of the hair and provides shine.
What are the common signs of a healthy scalp?
A healthy scalp is typically clear, not itchy, and free of visible flakes.
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