Integumentary/Bones

Functions of integumentary system

Protection of tissue and organs, excretion, maintenance of body temperature, melanin production, keratin, production, synthesis of D3, storage of lipids, detection, coordination of immune response

Which bone cell through resorption stimulates with calcitonin when trying to raise blood calcium levels

Osteoclast

Which bone cells stimulates with calcitonin without resorption

Osteoblast

Parathyroid hormone function PTH

Stimulates osteoplast activity indirectly

What layer of the skin is not part of the integumentary system?

Subcutaneous

What type of tissue is the epidermis and what is the shape?

Epithelium. It is keratinized stratified squamous.

Epidermis function

Protects dermis, prevents water loss and entry of pathogens, synthesis of D3, sensory

What are the layers of the dermis?

Papillary layer and reticular layer

what does the papillary layer do?

Nurses and supports epidermis

What does the reticular layer do?

Sensory, thermoregulation

What are tactile corpuscles/Meisner corpuscles

Receptor sensitive to light touch

What are lamellar corpuscles/pasinian corpuscles

Receptor sensitive to deep pressure and vibration

Hair follicle functions

Protects skull, touch sensations

Exocrine glands function

Temperature regulation, water excretion

Nail function

Protects tip of fingers and toes

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum; stratum lucidum; stratum granulosum; stratum spinosum; stratum basale; dermis

What is the first layer of the epidermis the stratum corneum made out of?

Dead keratinocytes

Which layer of the epidermis is water resistant but not waterproof

The stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is only in thick skin

stratum lucidum

Which layer of this of the epidermis has keratinocytes bound by desmosomes?

Stratum spinosum

Which layer of the epidermis has Merkel/tactile cells?

stratum basale

What are Merkel/tactile cells?

Sensory cells

What is the deepest basal layer ?

stratum basale

What happens if you cut parallel to tension line?

Little scarring

What happens if you cut perpendicular to tension line?

Greater scarring

What is insensible perspiration?

When you lose water in your body without sensing it

What is sensible perspiration?

When you lose water from your body while sensing it

Example of sensible perspiration

Sweating

What does the subcutaneous layer do?

It connects the dermis to underlying tissue

What do melanic sites respond to?

UV

What color is carotene?

Orange

What color is cyanosis?

Blue

What causes jaundice?

When liver is unable to excrete bile

What causes rickets?

Lack of D3

Are sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles

Yes

Are sebaceous follicles associated with hair follicles

No

Apocrine sweat gland function

Secret products into hair, follicles around nipples, pubic region, and armpits

Eccrine sweat gland/merocrine sweat gland functions

Discharge secretions directly onto surface of skin; cool skin; cleans; extreme water and electrolytes

Repair of integument stages

1 inflammation

2. Migration

3. Proliferation

Scarring

What is damaged on a first-degree burn

Surface of epidermis

What is damaged on second-degree burn

Entire epidermis

What is damaged on third-degree burn

Epidermis and dermis

Skeletal system functions

Support, storage of minerals and lipids, blood, cell production, protection, leverage

What are sutural bones?

Small flat and oddly shape shaped bones of the skull

What are irregular bones?

Complex shapes with short flat notched or rigid surfaces

What type of bones are the vertebrae and pelvis bones?

Irregular

What are short bones?

Box-like in appearance

What type of bones are carpal and tarsal bones?

Short bones

What are flat bones?

Thin parallel surfaces

What type of bones are the roof of the skull the sternum ribs and scapula

Flat

Function of flat bones

protects soft tissue

What are long bones?

Long and slender

What are sesamoid bones?

Small round flat and found in the areas of high stress

What type of bones are the patella and pisiforn

Sesamoid bones

What is inside the medullary cavity?

Yellow bone marrow

What is another word for the shaft?

Diaphysis

Where is red bone marrow

In spongy bone

What are the very tips of a bone called?

Proximal epiphysis and distal epiphysis

What is between the proximal epiphysis and diathesis?

Proximal metaphysis

What is between the diathesis and distal epiphysis?

Distal metaphysis

What is the basic unit of bone

Osteon

What are osteogenic cells and what do they do?

Stem cells are create osteocytes and osteoblast

What are osteoblast and what do they do?

Immature cells that build bone

What is ossification/osteogenesis

The creation of bone tissue

What is calcification?

The creation of bone marrow and soft tissue/calcium in tissue

What are osteocytes and what do they do?

Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix

Where do osteocytes live?

In the lacunae

Which type of bone cell has money nucleus is

Osteoclast

What do osteoclast do?

secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix

What is osteolysis/resorption

An erosion method

What are Canalculi?

Communication from one lacuna to another

What do the periosteum and endosteum do?

Bone growth in length and thickness

What is calcium used for?

Muscle contractions

What is the primary growth center

Shaft in a long bone

What is the secondary growth center?

Epiphysis of a long bone

How often is a bone replaced?

Every five years

What is bone remodeling?

Replacing bones

What is the beginning of osteoporosis?

Osteopenia