Spanish Tenses and Vocabulary Review

These flashcards cover concepts related to Spanish tenses, conjugations, vocabulary, and sentence structures necessary for understanding and using the language effectively.

What does the Preterito Indefinido refer to?

A concrete moment in the past.

What is the Preterito Perfecto used for?

It describes past actions with relevance to the present.

What does the Preterito Imperfecto describe?

It describes habitual actions or background situations in the past.

What are some markers for the Preterito Imperfecto?

Antes, normalmente, cada semana.

How do you conjugate regular -AR verbs in the Preterito Indefinido?

Yo hablé, tú hablaste, él/ella habló, nosotros hablamos, vosotros hablasteis, ellos/ellas hablaron.

What is the structure for forming the Preterito Perfecto?

Haber (in present tense) + past participle.

What are the conjugations for 'haber' in the present tense?

he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han.

What does the Preterito Imperfecto tell?

Ongoing actions in the past, descriptions or habitual actions.

Which tense is used to express actions repeated in the past?

Preterito Imperfecto.

What signifies a shift in time to the Preterito Indefinido?

Specific time markers like ayer, la semana pasada.

How do you conjugate -ER verbs in the Preterito Indefinido?

Yo comí, tú comiste, él/ella comió, nosotros comimos, vosotros comisteis, ellos/ellas comieron.

How do you express ongoing actions in the past?

Using the Preterito Imperfecto.

What are some keywords for the Preterito Perfecto?

Hoy, esta semana, ya.

What's the difference between Preterito Indefinido and Preterito Perfecto?

Indefinido is for completed actions; Perfecto is for actions relating to the present.

What is the conjugation for the verb 'comer' in the Preterito Imperfecto?

Yo comía, tú comías, él/ella comía, nosotros comíamos, vosotros comíais, ellos/ellas comían.

How do -IR verbs conjugate in the Preterito Indefinido?

Yo viví, tú viviste, él/ella vivió, nosotros vivimos, vosotros vivisteis, ellos/ellas vivieron.

What is an example of conjugating an irregular verb in the Preterito Indefinido?

Hacer: yo hice, tú hiciste, él hizo, nosotros hicimos, vosotros hicisteis, ellos hicieron.

What words indicate that you are referring to the Preterito Perfecto?

Hace un momento, alguna vez.

What is usado to express 'used to' in the past?

Preterito Imperfecto.

What does 'soler' mean?

To usually do something.

How do you form the past participle for -AR verbs?

Change -ar to -ado.

What are examples of irregular past participles?

Decir - dicho, hacer - hecho.

What is an example of using 'haber' in the context of the Preterito Perfecto?

He comido.

When do we use the Preterito Perfecto?

For actions relevant in the present.

What is the conjugation table for -IR verbs in the Preterito Imperfecto?

Yo vivía, tú vivías, él/ella vivía, nosotros vivíamos, vosotros vivíais, ellos/ellas vivían.

What is a time marker for using the Preterito Indefinido?

El mes pasado.

What are examples of actions typically described by the Preterito Imperfecto?

Describing weather, emotions, or ongoing situations.

What are common irregular verbs in the Preterito Indefinido?

Ser, ir, hacer.

What is the role of 'a' in sentences with indirect objects?

It introduces the indirect object.

What are the conjugated forms for 'decir' in future tense?

Yo diré, tú dirás, él dirá, nosotros diremos, vosotros diréis, ellos dirán.

What does the future tense indicate?

Actions that will happen.

How do you form the irregular future verbs?

Change the stem and add future endings.

What does 'habré' represent in the future tense?

I will have.

What is an example of an action expressed by a condition?

Si llueve, no salgo.

What type of past actions does the Preterito Perfecto describe?

Actions that still have relevance or connection to now.

How do you express a wish or intention in the near future?

Using 'ir a + infinitive'.

What slang or informal expression would you use for preferences?

A mí me gusta / me encanta.

What is an example of a statement using the future tense incorporating 'probablemente'?

Probablemente iré a la playa.

What are examples of expressions used to signal opinions?

Es bueno, es recomendable.

How do you express obligations using 'hay que'?

Hay que estudiar para el examen.

What does 'saber' express?

To know a fact.

What does 'conocer' express?

To know a person or place.

What is the structure for introducing indirect objects in statements?

Indirect object pronoun + verb + object.

What is a reflexive verb in Spanish?

A verb where the subject performs the action on itself.

What are the reflexive pronouns in Spanish?

Me, te, se, nos, os.

How do you conjugate a reflexive verb in the preterite?

Add the reflexive pronoun before or attach to the end of the verb.

What does the infinitive form of a verb represent?

The base form of a verb before conjugation.

What is the example sentence illustrating the Future Perfect?

Para mañana, habré terminado la tarea.

How do we identify object pronouns in Spanish?

By their placement and function in a sentence.

What is the usual position of direct object pronouns in relation to the verb?

Usually precedes the conjugated verb.

How would you express indirect object pronouns in past tense?

Combine with the verb appropriately in the past.

What is an example of expressing a thought using 'supongo'?

Supongo que lloverá hoy.

What does 'tendré que' signify?

I will have to.

When do we use the Preterito Indefinido?

For actions that are clearly completed in the past.

What is an example of a time marker for Preterito Imperfecto?

Normalmente, cada verano.

What kind of sentences use 'se' for reflexive actions?

When the subject performs the action on themselves.

What does 'habría' represent in the conditional?

I would have.

How do you form the imperfect tense for -IR verbs?

Take the stem and add the appropriate endings: -ía, -ías, -ía.

What is the character trait that 'aventurero' describes?

Adventurous.

What is a key aspect of storytelling in Spanish?

Using present tense for narratives or anecdotes.

What is a common social phrase in Spanish to ask what someone does?

¿A qué te dedicas?

How do you imply a future action with intention?

Using 'ir a' plus the infinitive.

What concept does 'lo normal es' express?

It's normal to.

What do we use to ask for someone's opinion in Spanish?

¿Qué opinas sobre eso?

How do you express a contrastive statement? Name two connectors.

Using 'pero' (but) or 'sin embargo' (however).

How do you create dialogue in a narrative?

By showing interaction between characters.

What is the difference between 'estar' and 'ser'?

Estar is for temporary states; ser is for permanent characteristics.

What types of sentences express causes?

Sentences starting with 'porque' or 'como'.

What does 'vivo' indicate in terms of a place?

I live.

What is an indicative marker for expressing the future?

Este año, este fin de semana.

How do you mention future plans in Spanish?

Using future tense verbs or present continuous.

What is the function of conditional sentences in conversation?

To discuss hypothetical or uncertain situations.

What does 'los efectos especiales' refer to?

Special effects in film or theater.

How do you indicate the subject of sentences in Spanish?

By using pronouns or the noun representing the subject.

What verb is frequently used for giving advice?

Deber.

What do 'las palomitas' symbolize in cinema?

Popcorn, a common snack.

How do you question a timeline of events?

Using '¿Cuándo ocurrió?' or '¿Qué pasó primero?'

Conjugate the verb 'hablar' in the present tense (yo, tú, él/ella).

Yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla.

Conjugate the verb 'ser' in the Preterito Indefinido (yo, tú, él/ella).

Yo fui, tú fuiste, él/ella fue, nosotros fuimos, vosotros fuisteis, ellos fueron.

Conjugate the verb 'vivir' in the Preterito Imperfecto (nosotros, vosotros, ellos/ellas).

Nosotros vivíamos, vosotros vivíais, ellos/ellas vivían.

Formulate a sentence using 'comer' in the Preterito Perfecto with 'yo'.

Yo he comido.

What tense is used to describe an action that happened before another past action?

Preterito Pluscuamperfecto.

What is the structure for forming the Preterito Pluscuamperfecto?

Haber (in imperfect tense) + past participle.

Conjugate 'haber' in the Preterito Imperfecto (yo, tú, él/ella).

Yo había, tú habías, él/ella había.

Formulate a sentence using 'estudiar' in the Preterito Pluscuamperfecto (ella).

Ella había estudiado antes de la clase.

Conjugate the verb 'ir' in the future tense (yo, tú, él/ella).

Yo iré, tú irás, él/ella irá.

Write a sentence describing what you 'used to do' as a child, using the Preterito Imperfecto.

Cuando era niño/a, jugaba mucho.

Write a sentence about a completed action that happened 'yesterday' using the Preterito Indefinido.

Ayer fui al cine.

Write a sentence expressing a future intention using 'ir a + infinitive'.

Voy a estudiar para el examen mañana.

What connector would you use to explain the reason for something?

'Porque' (because) or 'como' (as/since).

How do you form the past participle for -ER and -IR verbs?

Change -er/-ir to -ido.

Translate to Spanish: 'Yesterday I ate pizza.'

Ayer comí pizza.

Translate to Spanish: 'I went to the beach last summer.'

Fui a la playa el verano pasado.

Translate to Spanish: 'I have already finished the task.' (Using Pretérito Perfecto)

Ya he terminado la tarea.

Translate to Spanish: 'When I was young, I used to read a lot.' (Using Pretérito Imperfecto)

Cuando era joven, leía mucho.

Translate to Spanish: 'It's normal to study for the exam.' (Using 'lo normal es')

Lo normal es estudiar para el examen.

¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana pasado? (Responde en español usando el Pretérito Indefinido)

El fin de semana pasado, visité a mis amigos y vimos una película.

¿Qué actividades solías hacer en tu tiempo libre cuando vivías en otra ciudad? (Responde en español usando el Pretérito Imperfecto)

Solía pasear por el parque y leer libros en un café cuando vivía en otra ciudad.

¿Qué planes tienes para tu próximo viaje? (Responde en español usando el Futuro o 'ir a + infinitive')

Para mi próximo viaje, iré a la playa y visitaré museos.

Give an example of a reflexive verb used in a sentence in the present tense.

Yo me lavo las manos.