Bio test 2 study guide

central dogma

flow of information

1. DNA

2. transciption

3. mRNA

4. translation

5. protein

3 types of RNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

mRNA

messenger RNA

encodes amino acid sequence

tRNA

transfer RNA

physically links the “message“ in mRNA to an amino acid

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

combines with protein to form ribosomes (the sites of protein assembly)

mutation

any change in the DNA sequence

substitution mutation

insertion of three nucleotides

frameshift insertion

insertion of one nucleotide

deletion of three nucleotides

frameshift deletion

most detrimental mutation

frameshift mutation

DNA replication

DNA makes a copy of itself through complementary base pairing

two main parts of the cell cycle

1. interphase

2. mitosis

three steps of interphase

1. G1

2. S

3. G2

mitosis cell cycle

PMAT

1. prophase

2. metophase

3. anaphase

4. telophase

Crossing over occurs in

prophase 1

Mendel’s law of

Mendel’s law of independent assortment

STRs

short tandem repeats