Correlational Techniques- Test

aptitude

- assessment instrument designed to measure potential for acquiring knowledge or skill.

•  basis for making predictions for an individual’s future success, particularly in an educational or occupational situation.  

achievement

any norm-referenced standardized test intended to measure an individual’s current level of skill or knowledge in a given subject. Often the distinction is made that achievement tests emphasize ability acquired through formal learning or training

• used to assess a level of mastery a person has achieved after completing a course of instruction or training

Personality 

any instrument used to help evaluate personality or measure personality traits

• measures emotional states, motivations, interest, interpersonal attitudes

test- retest reliability 

the participant will get the same score every time they are tested

inter-item reliability

how well the items stick together / ex. the Crombach’s alpa 

• Factor analysis tells you which items vary together 

 

Split-half reliability

a measure of the internal consistency of surveys, psychological tests, questionnaires, and other instruments or techniques that assess participant responses on constructs.

 

face validity 

the apparent soundness of a test or measure. is the extent to which the items or content of the test appear to be appropriate for measuring something, regardless of whether they are

example of face validity

Ex: do experts believe that your definition of your conceptual definition is accurate?

·        The idea of having a knowledge of the definition

 

construct validity

the degree to which a test or instrument can measure a concept, trait, or other theoretical entity. 

example of construct validity 

For example, if a researcher develops a new questionnaire to evaluate respondents’ levels of aggression, the construct validity of the instrument would be the extent to which it assesses aggression as opposed to assertiveness, social dominance, and so forth. 

convergent validity

- the extent to which responses on a test or instrument exhibit a strong relationship with responses on conceptually similar tests or instruments.

discriminant validity

the degree to which a test or measure diverges from (i.e., does not correlate with) another measure whose underlying construct is conceptually unrelated to it

predictive validity

evidence that a test score or other measurement correlates with a variable that can only be assessed at some point after the test has been administered or the measurement made.

 

example of predictive validity

the predictive validity of a test designed to predict the onset of a disease would be strong if high test scores were associated with individuals who later developed that disease.