Burns

What are the different types of burns?

Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Ultraviolet/Radiation, Inhalation.

What does TBSA stand for and why is it important?

Total Body Surface Area; it helps determine the extent of burn injuries and fluid requirements.

What are the characteristics of a 1st Degree burn?

Involves the epidermis only; symptoms include dry red surface, blanching, pain, no blisters, and heals in 7-10 days.

What type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis?

2nd Degree (Partial Thickness) burn.

What happens during a 3rd Degree burn?

Affects the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; skin appears tough and leathery, does not blanch, requires grafting.

What defines a Major burn in adults?

Partial thickness burn greater than 25% TBSA or all full thickness burns greater than 10% TBSA.

What are the local effects of a burn injury?

Increased capillary permeability leading to local edema and decreased cardiac output.

What causes hypovolemic shock in burn patients?

Fluid loss due to increased capillary permeability decreases blood volume.

What are common complications following a burn injury?

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, immune suppression, respiratory issues.

How does the body respond to burn injury in terms of metabolism?

Metabolic rate can double, leading to increased calorie requirements for healing.

What are the stages of burn injury?

Emergent, Acute, Rehabilitation.

What is the purpose of grafting in burn treatment?

To promote healing, decrease contractures, and prevent infection and scarring.

What are open dressings in wound care?

Topical agent applied without a dressing; allows for easy assessment but requires strict isolation.

What is the importance of preventing contractures in burn patients?

To maintain functional positions and prevent shortening and hardening of tissues.

What is the 'Gold Standard' topical agent for burn wounds?

Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene).

What is a critical first step in nursing care for burn emergencies?

Prevent further injury and stop the burning process.