Chapter 1 Data Management

Relational Databases

Organize data into tables with rows and columns. store both data and relationships between data

Non-Relational Databases

Store data in formats like key-value pairs, graphs, or documents, often used in NoSQL systems.

Big Data

Refers to datasets that become extremely large.

Rows

Also called records represent individual instances of data. Each represents a unique occurrence of an entity

Columns

Also called fields store attributes (properties) of each instance. Each represents an attribute of that entity

Primary Key

A unique identifier for each row in a table.

Surrogate Key

A unique identifier automatically assigned by the database system, often used as the Primary Key.

Composite Key

A Primary Key that consists of multiple columns to uniquely identify a record.

Foreign Key

A field in one table that links to the Primary Key of another table, creating relationships.

Information

Data that has been processed and given meaning.

Multiuser Database Applications

Allow multiple users to access and interact with the database simultaneously.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Example of a multiuser Database application. Tracks customer interactions and helps businesses manage relationships.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Example of a multiuser Database application. Integrates data across different departments such as finance and HR.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

The standard language used for interacting with relational databases.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software that processes and manages the database.

Metadata

Data about data, contained within the database for self-describing functionality.

Control Concurrency

Handles multiple users accessing data simultaneously.

NoSQL Databases

Databases that do not use the traditional relational model, designed for Big Data applications.

Database Application

Programs that help users interact with the database.

Basic Functions of Database Application Programs

Create forms, run SQL queries, generate reports, execute application logic.

Table Names

Written in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS in a relational database.

Column Names

First letter capitalized, with capital letters for each word in compound names.

Functions of a DBMS

Create the database and tables, Modify data (insert, update, delete), Read and retrieve data, Enforce constraints to ensure data integrity, Control concurrency, Perform backup and recovery