DE US History - Reconstruction

reconstruction is seen as something

being done to people

17th president, lincoln’s runningmate

Andrew Johnson

april 1865, 1 week after the war

lincoln assassinated

may-december 1865

presidential reconstruction

no involuntary servitude except as punishment or crime

13th amendment

only who in the south is allowed to hold office

10% loyalists

johnson pardoned how many confederates

12 thousand

congressmen from pre-war were now

back in power

state laws that made interracial marriage, quitting without reason illegal along with forcing orphans to be given to white people

black codes

“radical” republicans

believe in 13th and 14th amendments

protects citizens rights and guarantees protection under the law + allows birthright citizenship

14th amendment

responsible for “40 acres and a mule" given to freedmen as a start-up

Thaddeus Stevens

responsible for wade-davis bill, was the president pro-tempore, and most senior ranking senator

Ben Wade

responsible for 14th and 15th amendments

Charles Sumner

prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race or previous servitude

15th amendment

1 year federal agency that establishes schools, hospitals, etc. just DOESN’T PROVIDE LAND

Freedmen’s Bureau

overturns Dred Scott decision. allows people to be treated the same, and makes African Americans US citizens

Civil Rights Act of 1866

secretary of war

edwin stanton

took union army into south to occupy it. African Americans feel safer but irritates white people

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

a constitutional amendment requires

supermajority from both parties

In 1868, African American men can

hold seats in senate and house of reps.

commandeered a Confederate ship to union lines to escape slavery, buys his old plantation, becomes a state legislator, wanted to extend education to other black people

Robert Smalls

in south Carolina there was a black majority in the

house of representatives

southern African Americans not fighting for black and white kids to learn together in school because

they were just fighting for an education

African american kids in the same community as white kids went to

worse schools

black schools often had

black teachers/professors

black singers who sung at places of entertainment

jubilee singers

the center of the black community is

church

“the redeemers” of their states

KKK

members of the KKK were often

southern white democrats

government directly intervening to stop hate crimes, white supremacy arising

KKK Act

people not grieving his death, but their way of life that died with him

Robert E. Lee

economic crisis

Panic of 1873

people cannot be denied access to public places on the basis of race, causes argument on what is considered public

Civil Rights Act of 1875

KKK could terrorise African Americans and the states would decide the punishment (unless they worked for the govt)

Crook-Shanks Decision

southern states become redeemed, ex Confederates can vote again, began to strip rights from freedmen

Amnesty Act 1872

unspoken rules that oppress and infantilize black people

Jim Crow Etiquette

time of greatest adversity (1877-1920)

Nadir Period

after reconstruction, north moved onto

steel, oil, and industry

mob murder against someone

Lynching

wrote a book about lynching, had to leave Mississippi due to death threats

Ida B. Wells

start in 1877 at the state level

Jim Crow Laws

makes Jim Crow laws national

plessy v ferguson

prohibited black people from voting, designed to make people fail

Literacy tests

if you grandfather could vote, so could you

grandfather clause

another barrier to prohibit black people from voting, ~$2 to vote

poll taxes

different races could buy from the same store, however there were different restrooms, water fountains, etc.

separate but equal

black man advocating for rights, discouraged people from traveling north to get away, but fight for rights in the south

Booker T. Washington

photographer who photographed African Americans doing “elite” things to defy stereotypes

WEB DuBois

top 10% of African Americans who deserve a higher education

talented 10th

Largest civil rights movement

NAACP

started Negro History Week which evolved into Black History Month

Carter G. Woodson

1st president to get impeached

Andrew Johnson

president couldn’t remove office holders without senate permission

Tenure of Office Act

“end” of reconstruction

compromise of 1877