2. Sedimentary Structures

Grading

The sorting/settling of geological sediments by size, which can indicate things such as the direction of flow

Turbidity Current

A dense, sediment-laden underwater current that moves rapidly down a slope due to gravity

Cross-Bedding

A sedimentary structure where layers within a larger bed are angled relative to the main horizontal bedding plane

Younging Direction

Indicates the upward direction of deposition in sedimentary or volcanic sequences

Foliation

Recognizable planes, usually due to the alignment of minerals in a preferred orientation; formed by the deformation of the rock by tectonic forces (deformed-sheared)

Lineation

Recognizable linear pattern formed by tectonic deformation; formed by pressure in both directions (and looks like a bunch of straws compressed together)

Geological Map

Represents a projection of the intersection between 3D geological features with surface topography on a flat piece of paper

Outcrop

A visible exposure of bedrock

Subcrop

A boulder from an outcrop that hasn't moved far from its original location

Lithological Contact

The contact between two different rock types