epithelial and connective tissues (with pictures!!)

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Biology

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1

simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules and ovary surface

<p>Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules and ovary surface</p>
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simple columnar epithelium

Functions: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action • Location = Non-ciliated form lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, ciliated form lines small bronchi, fallopian tubes, and uterus

<p>Functions: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action • Location = Non-ciliated form lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, ciliated form lines small bronchi, fallopian tubes, and uterus</p>
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pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium

Function - secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia • Locations = Non- ciliated type is in ducts of male reproductive tubes and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

<p>Function - secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia • Locations = Non- ciliated type is in ducts of male reproductive tubes and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract</p>
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stratified squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

<p>Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina</p>
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simple squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

<p>Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina</p>
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stratified columnar epithelium

Function - protection and secretion • Location = found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands

<p>Function - protection and secretion • Location = found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands</p>
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stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function - protection • Locations = forms largest ducts of sweat glands and forms ducts of mammary glands and salivary gland

<p>Function - protection • Locations = forms largest ducts of sweat glands and forms ducts of mammary glands and salivary gland</p>
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8

transitional epithelium

Function - stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder causing thinning (from 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine) • Location = Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra

<p>Function - stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder causing thinning (from 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine) • Location = Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra</p>
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areolar connective tissue

stain clearly paint brush strokes

Description = Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, cells include - fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells • Functions = Wraps and cushions organs, holds and conveys tissue fluid, important role in inflammation • Location = widely distributed under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

<h2><span class="heading-content">stain clearly paint brush strokes</span></h2><p>Description = Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, cells include - fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells • Functions = Wraps and cushions organs, holds and conveys tissue fluid, important role in inflammation • Location = widely distributed under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries</p>
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10

adipose tissue

doesn't uptake color as well as others

•Functions = provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs • Locations = under skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, within abdomen and in breasts

<h2><span class="heading-content">doesn&apos;t uptake color as well as others</span></h2><p>•Functions = provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs • Locations = under skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, within abdomen and in breasts</p>
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Mesenchyme

the same embryonic for connective tissue

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12

reticular connective tissue

geometric RECT-angle style

• Function - form a soft, internal skeleton (stroma) - supports other cell types • Location - lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

<h2><span class="heading-content">geometric RECT-angle style</span></h2><p>• Function - form a soft, internal skeleton (stroma) - supports other cell types • Location - lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)</p>
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13

regular connective tissue

packed with collagen fibers and follows a parallel pattern

• Functions = Attaches muscle to bone (tendons), attaches bone to bone (ligaments); withstands great stress in one direction • Locations = Tendons and ligaments, aponeuroses (sheet- like tendons), fascia (membranes) around muscles, nerves, and large vessels

<h2><span class="heading-content">packed with collagen fibers and follows a parallel pattern</span></h2><p>• Functions = Attaches muscle to bone (tendons), attaches bone to bone (ligaments); withstands great stress in one direction • Locations = Tendons and ligaments, aponeuroses (sheet- like tendons), fascia (membranes) around muscles, nerves, and large vessels</p>
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14

elastic connective tissue

takes up so much dye looks like purple squiggly lines

<h2><span class="heading-content">takes up so much dye looks like purple squiggly lines</span></h2>
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Hyaline Cartilage

glassy or hazy , fibers do not stain clearly but cells do!

• Functions = Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion, resists repetitive stress • Locations = Fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx

<h2><span class="heading-content">glassy or hazy , fibers do not stain clearly but cells do!</span></h2><p>• Functions = Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion, resists repetitive stress • Locations = Fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx</p>
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elastic cartilage

elastic stains very dark purple but reveals very big cells

• Functions = Maintains shape of structure, allows great flexibility • Locations = Supports external ear, epiglottis

<h2><span class="heading-content">elastic stains very dark purple but reveals very big cells</span></h2><p>• Functions = Maintains shape of structure, allows great flexibility • Locations = Supports external ear, epiglottis</p>
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fibrocartilage

hideous fuchsia pink

• Function = Tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock • Locations = Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint

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18

osseous (bone) tissue

looks like a tree or an OY-ster

• Functions = Supports and protects organs, provides levers and attachment site for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals, stores fat, marrow is site for blood cell formation • Location = Bones

<h2><span class="heading-content">looks like a tree or an OY-ster</span></h2><p>• Functions = Supports and protects organs, provides levers and attachment site for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals, stores fat, marrow is site for blood cell formation • Location = Bones</p>
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19

blood cells

LARGE purple dots are white blood cells Pink are blood cells LITTLE purple ones are platelets

<p>LARGE purple dots are white blood cells Pink are blood cells LITTLE purple ones are platelets</p>
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20

epithelial tissue def.

sheets of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity

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21

connective tissue

provide support

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22

muscle tissue

includes skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Functions = Propels substances along internal passageways, involuntary control • Location = mostly walls of hollow organs (digestive, urinary, uterus, and blood vessels

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23

nerve

main component of the nervous system: provides control

• Functions = Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors • Location = Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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24

Epithelial tissue FACTS

-cellularity: composed almost entirely out of cells -polarity: apical(upper free) and basal (lower attached) surfaces -avascular (no blood vessels) but innervated (supplied by nerves) *supported by connective tissue -highly regenerative

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endothelium (simple squamous)

slick lining of hollow organs

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mesothelium (simple squamous)

lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial caviities

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Unicellular Exocrine Glands (The Goblet Cell)

Scattered throughout epithelial lining of intestines and respiratory tubes, between columnar cells protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces

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Cell Junctions

factors holding epithelial cells together

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Tight junctions (zona occludens)

belt-like proteins in plasma membrane of adjacent cells are fused close off extracellular space

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Adherens junctions (zonula adherens)

with tight junctions, form the tight junctional complex around apical lateral borders of epithelial tissues

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31

Desmosomes

anchoring junction; two disc-like plaques connected across intercellular space

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Gap junctions = nexus

tunnel-like passageway between two adjacent cells

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Basal Lamina

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Basal lamina and reticular layer

form the basement membrane

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35

Microvilli

FINGER LIKE extensions of plasma membrane; abundant in epithelia of small intestine and kidney; maximize surface area across which small molecules enter or leave

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Cilia

WHIP LIKE highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes • Flagellum

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37

Flagellum

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(made of actin and myosin proteins)

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39

-blast

immature

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40

-cytes

matture

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41

apical

top

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42

avascular

no blood exchange

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inervated

has nervous system exchange

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