epithelial and connective tissues (with pictures!!)

simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules and ovary surface

simple columnar epithelium

Functions: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and
other substances; ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action
• Location = Non-ciliated
form lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, ciliated form lines small bronchi, fallopian tubes, and uterus

pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium

Function - secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia • Locations = Non-
ciliated type is in ducts of male reproductive tubes and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective
protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings
• Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to
abrasion
• Location = Keratinized -
forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

simple squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective
protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings
• Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to
abrasion
• Location = Keratinized -
forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

stratified columnar epithelium

Function - protection and secretion • Location = found in male urethra and large ducts of some
glands

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function - protection
• Locations = forms largest ducts of sweat glands and
forms ducts of mammary glands and salivary gland

transitional epithelium

Function - stretches and permits distension of urinary
bladder causing thinning (from 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine)
• Location = Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of
urethra

areolar connective tissue

stain clearly
paint brush strokes
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Description = Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, cells
include - fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells
• Functions = Wraps and cushions organs,
holds and conveys tissue fluid, important role in inflammation
• Location = widely distributed under
epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

adipose tissue

doesn't uptake color as well as others
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•Functions = provides reserve food fuel, insulates
against heat loss, supports and protects organs
• Locations = under skin,
around kidneys, behind eyeballs, within abdomen and in breasts

Mesenchyme

the same embryonic for connective tissue

reticular connective tissue

geometric RECT-angle style
-----------------------------------
• Function - form a soft, internal skeleton (stroma) - supports
other cell types
• Location - lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow,
and spleen)

regular connective tissue

packed with collagen fibers and follows a parallel pattern
----------------------------------
• Functions = Attaches muscle to bone (tendons), attaches
bone to bone (ligaments); withstands great stress in one direction
• Locations = Tendons and ligaments, aponeuroses (sheet-
like tendons), fascia (membranes) around muscles, nerves, and large vessels

elastic connective tissue

takes up so much dye looks like purple squiggly lines
--------------------------------

Hyaline Cartilage

glassy or hazy , fibers do not stain clearly but cells do!
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• Functions = Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion,
resists repetitive stress
• Locations = Fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal
cartilage of ribs, cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx

elastic cartilage

elastic stains very dark purple but reveals very big cells
------------------------------------
• Functions = Maintains shape of structure, allows great
flexibility
• Locations = Supports external ear, epiglottis

fibrocartilage

hideous fuchsia pink
--------------------------------
• Function = Tensile strength and ability to absorb
compressive shock
• Locations = Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of
knee joint

osseous (bone) tissue

looks like a tree or an OY-ster
--------------------------------
• Functions = Supports and protects organs, provides levers
and attachment site for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals, stores fat, marrow is site for blood cell formation
• Location = Bones

blood cells

LARGE purple dots are white blood cells
Pink are blood cells
LITTLE purple ones are platelets

epithelial tissue def.

sheets of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity

connective tissue

provide support

muscle tissue

includes skeletal, cardiac, smooth
---------------------------------------
Functions = Propels substances along internal passageways,
involuntary control
• Location = mostly walls of hollow organs (digestive,
urinary, uterus, and blood vessels

nerve

main component of the nervous system: provides control
-----------------------------------
• Functions = Transmit electrical signals from sensory
receptors to effectors
• Location = Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Epithelial tissue FACTS

-cellularity: composed almost entirely out of cells
-polarity: apical(upper free) and basal (lower attached) surfaces
-avascular (no blood vessels) but innervated (supplied by nerves)
*supported by connective tissue
-highly regenerative

endothelium (simple squamous)

slick lining of hollow organs

mesothelium (simple squamous)

lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial caviities

Unicellular Exocrine Glands (The
Goblet Cell)

Scattered throughout epithelial
lining of intestines and respiratory tubes, between columnar cells
protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces

Cell Junctions

factors holding epithelial cells together

Tight junctions (zona
occludens)

belt-like proteins in plasma membrane of adjacent cells are fused
close
off extracellular space

Adherens junctions (zonula adherens)

with tight junctions, form the tight junctional complex
around apical lateral borders of epithelial tissues

Desmosomes

anchoring
junction; two disc-like plaques connected across intercellular space

Gap junctions = nexus

tunnel-like passageway between two adjacent cells

Basal Lamina

Basal lamina and reticular layer

form the basement membrane

Microvilli

FINGER LIKE
extensions of plasma membrane; abundant in epithelia of small intestine and kidney; maximize surface area across which small molecules enter or leave

Cilia

WHIP LIKE
highly motile
extensions of apical surface membranes
• Flagellum

Flagellum

(made of actin and myosin proteins)

-blast

immature

-cytes

matture

apical

top

avascular

no blood exchange

inervated

has nervous system exchange