epithelial and connective tissues (with pictures!!)

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules and ovary surface

simple columnar epithelium

Functions: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action • Location = Non-ciliated form lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, ciliated form lines small bronchi, fallopian tubes, and uterus

pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium

Function - secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia • Locations = Non- ciliated type is in ducts of male reproductive tubes and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

simple squamous epithelium

Specific types = Keratinized - contain the protective protein keratin; surface cells are dead and full of keratin; Non-keratinized - forms moist lining of body openings • Function - Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion • Location = Keratinized - forms epidermis, Non-keratinized - forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

stratified columnar epithelium

Function - protection and secretion • Location = found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function - protection • Locations = forms largest ducts of sweat glands and forms ducts of mammary glands and salivary gland

transitional epithelium

Function - stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder causing thinning (from 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine) • Location = Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra

areolar connective tissue

stain clearly paint brush strokes

Description = Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types, cells include - fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells • Functions = Wraps and cushions organs, holds and conveys tissue fluid, important role in inflammation • Location = widely distributed under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

adipose tissue

doesn't uptake color as well as others

•Functions = provides reserve food fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs • Locations = under skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, within abdomen and in breasts

Mesenchyme

the same embryonic for connective tissue

reticular connective tissue

geometric RECT-angle style

• Function - form a soft, internal skeleton (stroma) - supports other cell types • Location - lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

regular connective tissue

packed with collagen fibers and follows a parallel pattern

• Functions = Attaches muscle to bone (tendons), attaches bone to bone (ligaments); withstands great stress in one direction • Locations = Tendons and ligaments, aponeuroses (sheet- like tendons), fascia (membranes) around muscles, nerves, and large vessels

elastic connective tissue

takes up so much dye looks like purple squiggly lines

Hyaline Cartilage

glassy or hazy , fibers do not stain clearly but cells do!

• Functions = Supports and reinforces, resilient cushion, resists repetitive stress • Locations = Fetal skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, cartilages of nose, trachea, and larynx

elastic cartilage

elastic stains very dark purple but reveals very big cells

• Functions = Maintains shape of structure, allows great flexibility • Locations = Supports external ear, epiglottis

fibrocartilage

hideous fuchsia pink

• Function = Tensile strength and ability to absorb compressive shock • Locations = Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint

osseous (bone) tissue

looks like a tree or an OY-ster

• Functions = Supports and protects organs, provides levers and attachment site for muscles, stores calcium and other minerals, stores fat, marrow is site for blood cell formation • Location = Bones

blood cells

LARGE purple dots are white blood cells Pink are blood cells LITTLE purple ones are platelets

epithelial tissue def.

sheets of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity

connective tissue

provide support

muscle tissue

includes skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Functions = Propels substances along internal passageways, involuntary control • Location = mostly walls of hollow organs (digestive, urinary, uterus, and blood vessels

nerve

main component of the nervous system: provides control

• Functions = Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors • Location = Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Epithelial tissue FACTS

-cellularity: composed almost entirely out of cells -polarity: apical(upper free) and basal (lower attached) surfaces -avascular (no blood vessels) but innervated (supplied by nerves) *supported by connective tissue -highly regenerative

endothelium (simple squamous)

slick lining of hollow organs

mesothelium (simple squamous)

lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial caviities

Unicellular Exocrine Glands (The Goblet Cell)

Scattered throughout epithelial lining of intestines and respiratory tubes, between columnar cells protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces

Cell Junctions

factors holding epithelial cells together

Tight junctions (zona occludens)

belt-like proteins in plasma membrane of adjacent cells are fused close off extracellular space

Adherens junctions (zonula adherens)

with tight junctions, form the tight junctional complex around apical lateral borders of epithelial tissues

Desmosomes

anchoring junction; two disc-like plaques connected across intercellular space

Gap junctions = nexus

tunnel-like passageway between two adjacent cells

Basal Lamina

Basal lamina and reticular layer

form the basement membrane

Microvilli

FINGER LIKE extensions of plasma membrane; abundant in epithelia of small intestine and kidney; maximize surface area across which small molecules enter or leave

Cilia

WHIP LIKE highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes • Flagellum

Flagellum

(made of actin and myosin proteins)

-blast

immature

-cytes

matture

apical

top

avascular

no blood exchange

inervated

has nervous system exchange