Benign Conditions of the Cervix and Uterus

Practice flashcards based on the key concepts discussed in the lecture regarding benign conditions of the cervix and uterus.

What are the protective elements of the cervix?

Anatomical integrity, epithelial integrity, cervical mucus, adequate estrogen levels.

What alters the epithelial barrier of the cervix?

Physiological movements, traumatic injuries, chronic cervicitis, intercourse, sexually transmitted infections.

What is the external cervical orifice shape in nulliparous women?

Pointed and rounded.

What is the shape of the external cervical orifice in multiparous women?

Ictal S-shape.

What are the types of benign cervical lesions?

Ectopia/Ectropion, traumatic lacerations, inflammatory cervicitis, neoplastic polyps, fibromas, endometriosis, condylomas.

What is ectopia

Ectopia es la presencia de la epitelio cilindrico que usualmente esta en el endocervix esta en el exocervix

What is the aspecto of endocervix and exocervix

Endo-rosado brillante

Exo-rosafo opaco

Que es el aspecto de ectopia

Enrojecimiento periorificial, con aspecto mas brillante y humedo que el resto del cervix con un color de Rosado oscura

What does ectopia in newborns indicate?

Congenital ectopia that may persist into adulthood.

What is ectropion

Es una forma mas extensa con glandulas y estroma

What factors can lead to ectropia/ectropion?

Pregnancy, childbirth, and oral contraceptives.

What are the classifications of ectopia?

Small (up to 1/3), medium (1/3 to 2/3), extensive (more than 2/3 of exocervix).

What are the symptoms of ectopia?

Can be asintomático

When extensive, Can cause leucorrea

Increased mucous leukorrhea around ovulation.

Cuando esta en la presencia de acidez vaginal puede ser agredido y invadido por bacteria y causa ectopia inflamada

How is ectopia diagnosed?

colposcopy.

Especulo

Acido acetico para ver racimos de uvas

Puede tener huevos de naboth(quiestes) y glandulas abiertas

What do you see in the colposcopia

Estructuras en el cuello como Racimos de uvas

En la fase de reparacion puede ver Huevos de naboth cuando los orificios olcuyen o glandulas abiertos

What do Naboth's cysts look like?

Whitish or yellowish structures on the exocervix.

What can delay healing of ectopia?

Inflammation, pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, alkaline vaginal pH, and constant irritation.

What preventive measures can be taken for ectopia?

Gentle gynecological procedures, genital hygiene, STD prevention, post-partum cervix review.

What is the treatment for ectopia

crioterapia

What is erosion in the cervix?

Loss of exocervical epitelio plano leading to a red, bleeding base.

What commonly causes cervical erosion?

Traumatic lesions from poorly fitted diaphragms or vaginal atrophy in older women.

What are desgarros cervicales

Lesiones que occure frecuentemente en las comisuras laterales del cuello

What is the usual cause of desgarros cervicales

Parto vaginal

Contracciones fuertes

How is cervical tear diagnosed?

By reviewing the cervix postpartum for location and extent.

What is a cervical polyp?

Benign tumor from cervical epithelium, often asymptomatic.

What is the primary treatment for endocervical polyps?

Excision and curettage.

What is cervicitis?

Infection/inflammation of the cervix due to ectopia, ectropion, or lacerations.

What causes cervicitis?

Infectious pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

What is the evolution of cervicitis

agudo or cronico

What is the etiologia of cervicitis

Estreptococo anaerobios, aerobics, ecoli, estafilo, gono, chlamydia

Hongos

Virus(herpes)

What can be the symptoms of acute cervicitis?

Abundant purulent leukorrhea, pelvic pain, fever, sangramiento poscoital, dispaurenia, disuria

Espesculoscopia of cervicitis aguda

Cuello edematosa y Rojo

Secreción purulente saliendo del canal cervical y maybe Moco espeso

What can acompany cervicitis aguda

Uretritis

Infección de glandula de Bartholin y skene

What shouldn't you do in the examen fisico de cervicitis aguda

Biopsia

What distinguishes chronic cervicitis?

Often asymptomatic, may cause chronic leukorrhea.

How is cervicitis diagnosed?

Clinical assessment, culture tests, and possible colposcopy. Interagatorio y examen fisico, exudado vaginal

How is acute cervicitis treated?

Symptoms relief and specific antibiotics based on culture.

What is a condyloma cervical?

Viral lesions (HPV) on the cervix, often asymptomatic.

What are the two types of condylomas?

Condyloma acuminatum (low oncogenic risk) and condyloma plana (high oncogenic risk).

What is the management for cervical condyloma?

Conservative measures or excision if necessary.

What is endometriosis?

Presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside its normal location.

Where is endometriosis most commonly found?

Ovaries, ligaments, pelvic peritoneum.

What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

Progressive pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility.

How is endometriosis diagnosed?

Clinical suspicion, ultrasound, and confirmed by laparoscopy.

What is a fibroma?

Benign tumor of the uterus, also known as leiomyoma.

What causes uterine fibroids?

Unknown, but may relate to estrogen levels.

What are the symptoms of uterine fibroids?

Menorrhagia, pelvic pain, urinary symptoms.

How are fibroids diagnosed?

Physical exam, imaging studies like ultrasound.

What is the treatment for symptomatic fibroids?

Surgical options like myomectomy or hysterectomy.

What hormonal treatments are used for fibroids?

GnRH agonists to reduce size pre-surgery.

What complications can arise from fibroids during pregnancy?

Degeneration and torsion.

What is the outcome expected for small, asymptomatic fibroids?

No treatment necessary; monitor.

How are fibroids managed if they cause complications?

Individualized approach, possible surgical intervention.

How can lifestyle changes affect endometriosis?

Dietary adjustments, stress management may be beneficial.

What treatments are available for severe endometriosis?

Conservative surgery, hormonal therapy, or radical treatment if needed.

What is important in managing patients with multiple fibroids?

Individualization of treatment based on symptoms and patient preference.

What are common diagnostic procedures for cervical and uterine conditions?

Ultrasound, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy.

When is hysterectomy indicated?

Recurrent symptoms or when reproductive wishes are completed.

What is an important factor in prognosis for endometriosis?

Age at diagnosis and severity of symptoms.

What is the role of acupressure in fibroid management?

Can be used as a complementary therapy.

How do fibroids vary by type?

Submucosal, intramural, subserosal, and cervical based on location.

What may be found during a routine gynecological exam?

Asymptomatic fibroids.

What is the implication of excessive bleeding from fibroids?

May lead to anemia.

What is hysteroscopy?

Direct visualization of the uterine cavity using a small camera.

What is the standard first-line treatment for symptomatic fibroids?

Myomectomy or hysterectomy.

What is the role of weight management in uterine fibroids?

Maintaining a healthy weight may reduce symptoms.

How may fibroids affect fertility?

Can interfere with implantation or cause miscarriage.

What is the expected outcome after myomectomy?

Improvement in symptoms and preserved fertility.

What symptoms could indicate complications from endometriosis?

Severe pelvic pain, gastrointestinal issues, or urinary problems.

What factors influence the choice of treatment for fibroids?

Symptoms, size of fibroids, patient's age and reproductive plans.

What is important in patient education about fibroids?

Understanding the nature of fibroids and treatment options.

What is the significance of follow-up for women with cervical lesions?

Regular monitoring to prevent progression to more serious conditions.

Why is surgical management sometimes necessary for endometriosis?

To remove lesions and provide symptomatic relief.

What are Naboth's cysts?

Cystic formations resulting from blocked cervical glands.

How can chronic cervicitis impact reproductive health?

Can lead to infertility or increase risk of cervical cancer.

What is the primary focus of treating endometriosis?

Pain relief and fertility preservation.

What is the goal of the annual gynecological review?

To monitor cervical health and identify any changes.

What should be done when initial treatments for fibroids fail?

Consider more intensive surgical options.

What systemic conditions could suggest the need for further investigation of cervical lesions?

Abnormal bleeding patterns or persistent pain.

What lifestyle changes might benefit women suffering from endometriosis?

Regular exercise, balanced diet, and stress reduction.

How often should women with a history of cervical issues have check-ups?

Annually or as recommended by their physician.

What is a key element in managing chronic conditions like endometriosis?

Long-term strategy tailored to the individual.

What can exacerbations of fibroids lead to during pregnancy?

Increased risk of complications like hemorrhage.

What is an important early symptom of endometriosis?

Severe menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea).

What interventions are typically contraindicated during acute cervicitis?

Biopsy of the cervix until inflammation resolves.

What is a common preventative practice against cervical lesions?

Vaccination for HPV.

What factors can influence the progression of cervical lesions?

Smoking, multiple sexual partners, and previous STIs.

What role does colposcopy play in cervical health?

Allows visualization and assessment of cervical lesions.

What medical history can influence treatment approaches for fibroids?

Previous surgeries or gynecological conditions.

What might necessitate a radical approach to treating endometriosis?

Severe, unresponsive symptoms affecting quality of life.

What is the role of imaging studies in managing fibroids?

To assess size, number, and location of fibroids.

How does smoking affect fibroid development?

Has been suggested to have a protective effect.

What lifestyle changes can assist in managing menopausal symptoms related to fibroids?

Diet and exercise to maintain hormone balance.

What's the long-term outlook for women following treatment for uterine fibroids?

Generally positive, with effective symptom management.

What is the clinical significance of endometriosis in reproductive-age women?

It is a common cause of infertility and chronic pain.

What method can provide significant relief for pelvic pain in women with endometriosis?

Laparoscopic surgery.

What should patients be advised regarding monitoring their conditions?

To keep track of any changes in symptoms.

What emotional support options can be beneficial for women with chronic conditions?

Support groups or counseling.

What is the relevance of educating patients about symptom management?

Empowers them to take an active role in their care.

What can lead to worsening symptoms of endometriosis?

Hormonal fluctuations and lack of treatment.