science exam study guide
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41 Terms
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pressure
the force per unit area that is applied over a surface of an object
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fluid
a substance that has no definite shape and can flow; examples: water and ai
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buoyant force
an upward force that is exerted by a fluid on any object in the fluid
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Bernoulli's Principle
when the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases
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higher velocity=
lower pressure
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Pascal's Principle
when a force is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the pressure in the fluid increases everywhere by the same amount
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Archemedes Principle
the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
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kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
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potential energy
the stored energy an object has because of its position or state
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conservation of energy
a law of physics that states that the energy cannot be created or destroyed
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mass and height
What two factors determine how much PE an object has?
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thermal energy
the energy contained within a system due to the motion of the particles
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insulator
will not let heat in or out
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heat
thermal energy from hot to cold
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mass
the measurement of how much matter is in an object
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evaporation
happens when a liquid turns into gas
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condensation
the process by which gas becomes a liquid
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sublimation
when a solid becomes a gas without turning into a liquid first
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temperature
the average kinetic energy
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density = mass/volume
density formula
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pressure = force/area
pressure formula
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examples or radiant energy
campfire, microwaves, radio waves
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example of thermal energy
a cup of hot coffee
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example of mechanical energy
car on a hill, windmill rotating
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example of electrical energy
charging a phone, turning on a light
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example of geothermal energy
steam on the ground, volcanoes
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example of renewable energy
solar energy
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example or non-renewable energy
natural gas
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example of hydropower
hydraulic system
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example or chemical energy
batteries, petroleum
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conduction
The transfer of thermal energy between materials by the collisions of particles
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convection
the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another
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radiation
The transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves
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example or conduction
\- heating a pan on a stove
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\- ice melting in your hand
\- hot air rising from above a fire
\- ice melting
\- hot air rising from above a fire
\- ice melting
examples of convection
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\- Hands over a fire
\- Sun heating up inside of your car
\- Sun heating up inside of your car
examples of radiation
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\- rigid
\- has a fixed shape
\- has a fixed volume
\- has a fixed shape
\- has a fixed volume
properties of a solid
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\- not rigid
\- no fixed shape
\- fixed volume
\- no fixed shape
\- fixed volume
properties of a liquid
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\- not rigid
\- no fixed shape
\- no fixed volume
\- no fixed shape
\- no fixed volume
properties of a gas
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air pressure drops
What happens to pressure when you increase in altitude?
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air pressure increases
What happens to pressure when you decrease in altitude?