chapter 11

Substance Intoxication

A temporary state of poor judgment, mood changes, irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination.

Hallucinosis

A specific form of intoxication characterized by perceptual distortion and hallucinations.

Substance Use Disorder

A pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of substances.

Physical Dependence

The condition of developing tolerance and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when substance use stops or decreases.

Depressants

Substances like alcohol and opioids that slow the activity of the central nervous system, reducing tension and inhibitions.

Stimulants

Substances like cocaine and amphetamines that increase activity of the central nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and alertness.

Hallucinogens

Drugs like LSD and PCP that produce delusions, hallucinations, and sensory changes.

Cannabis

A drug that produces sensory changes and has both depressant and stimulant effects.

Alcohol Absorption

Ethyl alcohol is absorbed into the blood through the stomach lining and takes effect in the bloodstream and CNS.

GABA Agonist

A substance that facilitates the activity of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Bac Level 0.06

Indicates relaxation due to alcohol intake.

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

A severe withdrawal syndrome from alcohol that can include hallucinations and seizures, risking death.

Opioids

Also known as narcotics, these drugs depress the CNS and help relieve pain but carry a risk of overdose.

Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal

Include anxiety, restlessness, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, and cramps.

Cocaine-induced Psychotic Disorder

A condition characterized by hallucinations and delusions resulting from high doses of cocaine.

Amphetamines

Stimulants that increase the activity of the CNS, with a notable rise in popularity of methamphetamine.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The major active ingredient in cannabis, with higher content in modern marijuana.

Polysubstance Use

The pattern of using more than one drug at a time.

Synergistic Effect

When two drugs combine to strengthen each other's effects.

Cross-tolerance

When tolerance to one substance leads to tolerance of a similar substance.

Contingency Management

A psychological treatment technique that provides rewards for positive behaviors related to substance use.

Antabuse

An antagonist drug used in the maintenance approach for treating alcohol use.

Naltrexone

An antagonist drug used to reduce cravings for narcotics and alcohol.