Electronegativity and Bond Polarity

Electronegativity

an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond

What direction does electronegativity increase?

Left to Right across a period, and decreases going down a group

What group has the highest electronegattivity?

Non-Metals

Chemical Bond

an attractive force that holds atoms together. The type of bond formed depends on the electronegativity differencebetween the bonding atoms.

The type of chemical bond formed depends on

the electronegativity difference between the bonding atoms.

Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

Occurs between nonmetal atoms where electrons are shared equally or almost equally.

What is the electronegativity difference between non-polar covalent bonds?

0-0.4

Polar Covalent Bond

Occurs between nonmetal atoms where electrons are shared unequally.

What is the electronegativity difference between polar covalent bonds?

0.5-1.8

Polarity

Refers to the distribution of electrical charge around a molecule, resulting in a dipole moment due to differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms.

Dipole

A molecule that has a positive and a negative end due to unequal distribution of electrons.

What does this represent δ+?

Positive End

What does this mean δ-?

Negative End

What do the arrows in dipoles represent?

Point from positive end to negative end (direction of e-)

Ionic Bond

Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal due to the transfer of electrons.

What is the electronegativity difference of an Ionic Bond

1.8<

Special Case of Bond

1.8-2

What does the Polarity of Molecule depend on?

polarity of its individual bonds and its molecular geometry (shape).

Do Polar or Non-Polar Molecules contain nonpolar bonds and polar bond that dipoles cancel out due to symmetrical arrangement.

Non-Polar Molecules

Do Polar or Non-Polar Molecules contain polar bonds that dont’ cancel each other out?

Polar Molecules

What element has the most electronegativity?

Fluorine (F)