To what extent did faction lead to a general crisis of Elizabethan government

What was the primary purpose of factions in Elizabethan England?

To gain the queen's favor and advance personal opportunities out of self-interest.

What significant event in 1588-91 contributed to the growth of factions?

The deaths of several of Elizabeth's trusted advisors and courtiers.

Who was the only remaining older generation councillor after 1591?

William Cecil.

What issue became a topic of discussion in Elizabeth's court, leading to factionalism?

Elizabeth's unmarried and childless status, raising concerns about succession.

Which two factions were primarily in conflict during the 1590s?

The Cecil faction and the Essex faction.

Who was Robert Devereux?

The Earl of Essex and a rival to the Cecil faction.

What military strategy did Elizabeth and the Cecil faction support?

A defensive and cautious war with Spain.

How did Elizabeth manage the rivalry between factions?

By maintaining control and not fully conceding to either faction's demands.

What was the consequence of Elizabeth's reluctance to make decisions?

It increased rivalry and tension between the factions.

What was Essex's relationship with the queen?

He was reliant on Elizabeth for power and authority despite being a noble.

What was the outcome of Essex's military expedition to Cadiz in 1596?

He was largely successful but the Cecils tightened their grip on power during his absence.

What event marked the beginning of Essex's downfall?

The revolt in Ireland in 1595 and subsequent tensions with the queen.

What happened when Essex returned to England against Elizabeth's orders?

He was put under house arrest and found guilty of misconduct.

What was Essex's final attempt to gain power in 1601?

He planned an attack on Elizabeth to capture her and suggested James as the next monarch.

How did Elizabeth's approach to factionalism affect her rule?

She encouraged it to balance power and reduce the threat of a unified opposition.

What was the impact of factionalism on the governance of the country?

It led to arguments over positions, distracting from effective governance.

What shift did the faction battles represent in Elizabethan society?

A shift from military power to an emphasis on presence at court.

What was the outcome of Elizabeth's death regarding succession?

There was a smooth transition to James VI.

What role did the gentry and nobility play in the factional struggle?

They sought support from either the Cecils or Essex to advance their positions.

What did Essex lack that hindered his ability to build a following?

He lacked sufficient power and support from the government.

What was a significant factor in the deterioration of relations between the Cecils and Essex?

Elizabeth's refusal to appoint a secretary, leading to resentment from Essex.

What was the significance of Robert Cecil becoming secretary in 1593?

It solidified the Cecil faction's grip on power.

What was the result of Essex's argument with the queen during the Privy Council meeting?

He turned his back on Elizabeth, leading to a physical altercation.

What did Essex do to try to convince people to revolt against Elizabeth?

He staged a play of Richard II, which symbolized overthrowing a monarch.

What was the outcome of Essex's revolt attempt in 1601?

He failed to capture the queen and was ultimately defeated.

How did factionalism contribute to political instability in Elizabethan England?

It led to infighting and distractions from effective governance.