Module 1: Introduction to Software Engineering

in progress

software and engineering

Software engineering stands for a term composed of two words -

Software

is more than just a program code

program

A ________ is an executable code, which serves some computational purpose

Software

is considered to be collection of executable programming code, associated libraries and documentations.

software product

Software, when made for a specific requirement is called

Engineering

is all about developing products, using well-defined, scientific principles and methods.

Software engineering

is an engineering branch associated with development of software product using well-defined scientific principles, methods and procedures.

efficient and reliable

The outcome of software engineering is a/an ______________software product.

IEEE

___________defines software engineering as: The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software.

The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software.

IEEE defines software engineering as: 

Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and work efficiently on real machines.

Fritz Bauer, a German computer scientist, defines software engineering as:

Fritz Bauer

_______________ a German computer scientist, defines software engineering as: Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and work efficiently on real machines.

product and vehicle

Software takes a dual role -__________

vehicle

delivering a product

information

Software delivers the most important product of our time is called_________.

different

Software has characteristics that are considerably __________ than those of hardware.

developed or engineered

Software is _____________, it is not manufactured in the Classical Sense.

Classical Sense.

Software is developed or engineered, it is not manufactured in the _____________

different

Although some similarities exist between software development and hardware manufacture, the two activities are fundamentally ___________.

high quality

_________is achieved through good design

manufacturing phase

_______________ for hardware can introduce quality problems that are nonexistent or easily corrected for software

quality problems

manufacturing phase for hardware can introduce_________that are nonexistent or easily corrected for software

nonexistent or easily corrected

manufacturing phase for hardware can introduce quality problems that are ______________ for software

dependent

Both the activities are ________ on people, but the relationship between people is totally varying.

varying

Both the activities are dependent on people, but the relationship between people is totally __________.

product

These two activities require the construction of a "_____________" but the approaches are different.

Software costs

are concentrated in engineering which means that software projects cannot be managed as if they were manufacturing.

engineering

Software costs are concentrated in____________ which means that software projects cannot be managed as if they were manufacturing.

Wear Out

Software doesn’t ________

failure rate

Consider the ________ as a function of time for hardware.

function of time

Consider the failure rate as a _________ for hardware

bathtub curve

The relationship that indicates that hardware exhibits relatively high failure rates early in its life, defects are corrected and the failure rate drops to a steady-state level for some period of time.

hardware components

As time passes, however, the failure rate rises again as _____________ suffer from the cumulative effects of dust, vibration, abuse, temperature extremes, and many other environmental maladies.

environmental maladies

Software is not susceptible to the _____________ that cause hardware to wear out

• Software is developed or engineered, it is not manufactured in the Classical Sense.

• Software doesn’t “Wear Out”

• Although the industry is moving toward component-based construction, most software continues to be custom built
  

Characteristics of Software

component-based construction

Although the industry is moving toward ____________, most software continues to be custom built

custom built

Although the industry is moving toward component-based construction, most software continues to be ________.

Operational, Transitional, Maintenance

Characteristics of Good Software

Operational

how well software works in operations (budget, usability, efficiency, correctness, functionality, dependability, security, safety)

Transitional

an important aspect considered when the software is moved from one platform to another (portability, interoperability, reusability, adaptability)

Maintenance

how well a software has the capabilities to maintain itself in the ever-changing environment (modularity, maintainability, flexibility, scalability)

Software engineering

a branch of computer science, which uses well-defined engineering concepts required to produce efficient, durable, scalable, in-budget and on-time software products.

seven

___________broad categories of software are challenges for software engineers

System software

A collection of programs written to service other programs.

System software

It is responsible for managing and controlling operations of a computer system, making sure that computer resources are used efficiently and effectively.

operating systems, compilers, editors, and file management utilities. 

examples of system software

Application software

Stand-alone programs that solve a specific business need.

Application software

Application software is used to control business functions in real time, creating an efficient framework in the business operation and in management decisions.

point-of-sale transaction processing, real-time manufacturing process control

examples of application software

Engineering/Scientific software

It has been characterized by “number crunching” algorithms.

number crunching

Engineering/Scientific software has been characterized by “___________” algorithms.

Engineering/Scientific software

This software is designed to perform precise calculations on complex numerical data that are obtained during real-time environment.

astronomy software, volcanology applications , automotive stress analysis, space shuttle orbital dynamics, molecular biology systems, automated manufacturing

examples of engineering/scientific software

Embedded software

Part of a unique application involving hardware that resides within a product or system.

Embedded software

It is used to implement and control features and functions for the end user and for the system itself.

Embedded software

can perform limited and esoteric functions (intended for a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest) or provide significant function and control capability.

limited and esoteric functions

Embedded software can perform____________(intended for a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest) or provide significant function and control capability.

key pad control for a microwave oven, digital automobile functions (fuel control, dashboard displays, and braking systems)

examples of embedded software

Product-line software

Designed to provide a specific capability for use by many different customers.

Product-line software

It can focus on a limited and esoteric marketplace or address mass consumer markets.

inventory control products, word processing, spreadsheets, computer graphics, multimedia, entertainment, database management, personal and business financial applications

examples of product-line software

Web application

This is called a “WebApp” that acts as an interface between the user and the Internet.

WebApp

Web application is called a “__________” that acts as an interface between the user and the Internet.

Web application

This network-centric software category spans a wide array of applications, incorporating executable instructions written in special scripting languages, such as CGI or ASP.

WebApp

a__________can be little more than a set of linked hypertext files that present information using text and limited graphics.

web browsers

example/s of web application

Artificial intelligence software

These makes use of non numerical algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable to computation or straightforward analysis.

heuristics

Artificial intelligence software involves different kinds of searching techniques including the use of _____.

add certain degree of intelligence into the mechanical hardware to have the desired work done in an agile manner

The role of artificial intelligence software

robotics, expert systems, pattern recognition (image and voice), artificial neural networks, theorem proving, game playing.

examples of Artificial intelligence software