innate immunity part 2 video 2

Explain the inflammatory Response

1. Tissue injury/presence of microbe

2. vasodilation

3. increase permeability of blood vessel

4. emigration of leukocytes

5. chemotaxis

6. phagocytosis

How does the body detect tissue damage/presence of microbes?

MAMPS - TLRs

DAMPS - NLRS

both recognzing patterns

what happens when damage/presence of microbes are detected?

Mast cells and macrophages will produce inflammatory mediators like:

histamine

IL-1 - fever

TNF - stimulates liver to produce acute phase proteins

which bottom two are cytokines

What do inflammatory mediators cause?

1. vasodilation

2. adherence of phagocytes to wall of blood vessel

3. increased permeability of blood vessel

4. diapedesis - squeeze thru

5. chemotaxis

What role do complement proteins play?

complement proteins like C3b are used as opsonin to help neutrophil attach and C5b creates MAC

also anaphylatoxin which are C3a and C3b are inflammatory response

what is pus?

accumulation of dead neutrophils

After an infection is cleared, what white blood cell stay and what does it do

Macrophages stay around and ingest dead cells

How do phagocytes initiate fever?

well IL-1 secreted by phagocytes travels thru the bloodstream to the brain which is received by the hypothalamus and then the hypothalamus secreted postganglionic which increase body temperature

How could the inflammatory response cause damage to the host?

sometimes neutrophils during phagocytosis can burst open and spill their contents

What is IFN and how does it work?

its an interferon which is produced by virally infected cells that will bind to neighboring cells and it is beneficial because now when a virus tries to infect the cell it will be able to recognize and create antiviral enzymes

What is apoptosis?

It is when the host cell dies that is infected and is not replicated