covalent bonding in hydrogen, chlorine and hydrogen chloride

what is a covalent bond?

when atoms share pairs of electrons.

covalent bonding takes place between?

non-metal elements

the bonds between atoms in a covalent bond are?

strong

example of a simple covalent molecule

hydrogen molecule H₂

what does H₂ tell us?

two hydrogen atoms bonded together

what is hydrogen?

a non-metal element

hydrogen has only one electron to make a full outer energy level how many more electrons does hydrogen require?

one more electron

how does a hydrogen molecule achieve getting another electron?

by bonding with another hydrogen atom.

the two hydrogen atoms overlap their energy levels and they share their electrons

due to both hydrogen atoms having two electrons what have they achieved?

a full outer energy level like a group 0 noble gas.

by sharing a pair of electrons what have the hydrogen atoms formed?

a single covalent bond

ways to represent covalent molecules

an example of a slightly more complicated molecule

chlorine molecule Cl2

what is only involved in chemical bonding?

outer energy levels

chlorine has 7 electrons in its outer energy level, to achieve a full outer energy level what does it require?

each atom of chlorine requires one more electron.

energy level diagram for chlorine molecule

dot a cross diagram and stick diagram for chlorine molecule

example of small covalent molecule

hydrogen chloride HCl

what are both hydrogen and chlorine?

non-metals

a hydrogen atom has one electron and a chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level what do both atoms require?

one extra electron

dot and cross diagram and stick diagram for hydrogen chloride