Biology Final Exam

Hierarchy of Classification

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus. Species

Hierarchy of Classification is ordered from…

Biggest to Smallest

What are the 3 Domains?

Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea

Differences between Prokaryote and Eukaryote?

Eukaryotes are more complex and have a nucleus.

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

1. Eubacteria

2. Protista

3. Fungi

4. Plantae

5. Animalia

First 3 major advancements of plants?

1. Vascular Tissue

2. Seeds

3. Flowers

Vascular System is basically a plants…

Piping system

Specialized tissue that transports water and minerals throughout the plant.

Vascular System

What does Xylem do?

Takes water and minerals up from the roots

What does Phloem do?

Transports sugars down the leaves

Why are viruses not living?

They rely on a host cell

True or False: Viruses can have DNA or RNA material

True

2 Replication cycles for Viruses?

1. Lytic Cycle

2. Lysogenic Cycle

Virus takes over a host cell, replicates rapidly, and then destroys the host cell to release new virus particles.

Lytic Cycle

Viral replication process where the virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell’s DNA and remains dormant for a period of time before possibly switching to the lytic cycle.

Lysogenic Cycle

Known as the miscellaneous group, microscopic and unicellular.

Protists

Organisms that produce their own food using photosynthesis

Autotrophs

Organisms that have to consume other organisms for energy because they can’t make their own food.

Heterotrophs

Organism that can be found anywhere, plays a crucial role in medicine and the environment.

Bacteria

Alga that does photosynthesis to make its own food. Has a flagellum to move.

Euglena

Fungus cell walls are made up of…

Chitin

True or False: Fungus has spores that get spread by wind or animals

True

How does fungus reproduce

Sexual and Asexual reproduction

What is an animal without a backbone or vertebrae?

Invertebrates

True or False: Most animals are invertebrates

True

Which species uses mushrooms to get carbon dioxide and absorb the water.

Lichen

3 Variations of Alternation of Generations

1.      Sporophytes depend on gametophyte (bryophytes)

-          Do not have a vascular system

2.      Sporophyte and gametophyte are independent (Seedless)

3.      Gametophyte depends on sporophyte (seed plants)

How do bryophytes get water and nutrients throughout the plant?

Diffusion and osmosis

The first 3 major advancements of plants

1. Vascular Tissue

2. Seeds

3. Flowers

Like the “roots” of fungus

Hyphae

Absorbs nutrients, spreads the fungus, and supports fruiting body development

Mycelium

Gametophyte is…

Haploid (n)

Sporophyte is…

Diploid (2n)

2 Types of Pollination are

1. Self-pollination (No Bee)

2. Cross Pollination (Uses Bee)

True or False: Pollination is Fertilization

False

Group of seed-producing plants that do not form flowers or fruits.

Gymnosperms

Flowering plant that produces flowers and fruits

Angiosperms

True or False: Angiosperms use double fertilization

True

Front of Body

Anterior

Back of Body

Posterior

Toward the back or upper side

Dorsal

Toward belly or lower side

Ventral

3 Types of Symmetry

1. No Symmetry

2. Radial Symmetry

3. Bilateral Symmetry

Explains the Eukaryotic structures

Endosymbiosis

Animals develop in layers

Body cavity

True or False: Mitochondria and chloroplast originated via endosymbiosis

True

Xylem and Phloem are tissues of a…

Seedless Vascular Plant

Example of a Seedless vascular Plant would be…

Mosses

True or False: Seedless Vascular reproductive cycle is Alternation of Generations

True

What do protists use to move?

Flagellum

Process of transferring pollen from the male reproductive organ (anther) to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of a flower.

Pollination

3 Most common bacteria shapes

1. Round (Coccia)

2. Rod (Bacilli)

3. Spiral