We are all African here: Ch. 1-2 & 6-7

Ch. 1: Living in Divided Europe. The Theme Park and the Street — What is it about?

• The first chapter handles the concept of being European, who gets to migrate without inspection and what the difference is.

• Loftsdóttir points out that illegality is not in the actions of those who travel, but in their bodies because of racialization.

• Borders have been created to sort people into hierarchies. But these hierarchies and illegalities produce dangerous migratory paths. Paper barriers is an example to how difficult the path has become.

Ch. 2: ‘’Enough of Refugees’’ Depictions of Precarious Migrants in Europe — What is it about?

• Chapter two handles modern racism, how racism has been replaced by talking about cultural differences and how it only functions to fortify Europe, rather than to speak to actual danger. Frontex is used as an example to how this has happened.

• The ‘refugee crisis’ has gained momentum through the narrative of Europe being ‘flooded’ with migrants and misinformation on the internet which perpetuates this narrative that certain people are undesirable.

• Some of these undesirable individuals are locked up in private profit orientated prisons, not because they have committed crimes but for the administrative convenience of government

Ch. 6 — This is All in the Past Now: Niger and a Global World

• Handles ruination, the fact that the modernity present in Niger is not seen as modernity.

• The overarching narrative is that Europe is in a refugee crisis, but the fact is that countries outside of Europe are actually bearing the brunt of refugees escaping war and other atrocities.

Ch. 7 — Nostalgic Colonialism: Different Kinds of Otherness

• Otherness can also be capitalized on by those who it happens to, the author discusses members of Tuarega and WuDaBee tribes who use their ‘exotic-ness’ to sell products. A culture has been created around them, where people who do not know anything about Niger can differentiate between the Tuarega and WuDaBee and who they would rather buy from.

• Through the discourse of which bodies belong in Europe and which do not, Europe becomes more clearly defined and therefore realer. In the same way, a nation becomes more real through border control, because its outline is clearer.

• There are discourses that celebrate cosmopolitanism and at the same time condemn migration. What is the difference?