AP Bio- Cell parts and their function

Cell wall

made of cellulose and lies outside of the cell membrane, provides the cell with protection and support

Cytosol

Gel-like substance that holds the contents of a cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. Contains DNA.

Large Central Vacuole

found in plants, this organelle stores water for the cell

Chloroplast

contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Mitochondria

converts glucose into ATP energy for the cell during a process called cellular respiration

Ribosome

site of protein synthesis

Rough ER

synthesizes and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus so that they may be exported out of the cell

Cytoskeleton

filaments and fibers which help with movement and structure of the cell

Smooth ER

synthesizes and transports lipids to the Golgi apparatus, also detoxifies the cell and controls calcium levels in the cell

Nucleolus

synthesizes ribosomes

chromatin

tiny strands of genetic material inside the nucleus that hold the instructions for protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Flagellum

A long, whip-like structure that helps a cell to move

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes that can break down worn out cell parts

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

Prokaryotic cell

simple cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles; such as bacteria

Eukaryotic cell

complex cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Robert Hooke

first scientist to observe cork cells and call them "cells".

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

First scientist to observe living cells

Mattias Schleiden

Scientist that concluded that all plants are made up of cells

Theodor Schwann

Scientist that concluded that all animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

Scientist that concluded that all cells come from other cells

Lynn Margulis

Proposed that eukaryotic cells evolved from simple prokaryotic cells

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Plasmodesmata

channels between adjacent plant cells used for communication between plant cells

Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

gap junctions

provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells (used for communication)

Peroxisomes

Contain enzymes that metabolize fatty acids and in the process produce hydrogen peroxide (a poisonous substance). The peroxide is quickly metabolized by catalase an enzyme which it also contains.

extracellular matrix (ECM)

The substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells.

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

encloses the cell, regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

Genome

All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.

Pili

Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA