English Grammar - Basics

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21 Terms

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noun

a naming word; a word or group of words that represent a person, a place, a thing or activity, or a quality or idea

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verb

a word or group of words that describes an action, experience, or state

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adverb

a word that adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence

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adjective

a word that describes a noun or pronoun

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pronoun

a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase

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subject

a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated

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direct object

the person or thing that is affected by the action of a transitive verb

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common noun

any noun that is not the name of a particular person, place, or thing

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count noun

a noun that has both a singular and plural form and can be used with 'a' or 'an'

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proper noun

a noun that is the name of one particular thing; always written with an initial capital letter

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singular

noun, verb, form etc that is used when writing or speaking about one person or thing

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plural

shows you are talking about more than one thing, person etc.

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phrasal verb

a group of words that is used like a verb and consists of a verb with an adverb or preposition after it

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preposition

a word that is used before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to show place, time, direction etc.

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gerund

a noun that is created from the ~ing form of a verb

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auxiliary verb

a verb that is used with another verb to show its tense, person, mood, etc. In English they are 'be', 'do', and 'have'

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modal verb

one of these verb forms: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, need, had better, and dare. They are all used with other verbs to express ideas such as possibility, permission, or intention

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indirect object

an object of a verb that refers to the person that something is given to, said to, made for, etc

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complement

a word or phrase that follows a verb and describes the subject of the verb

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transitive verb

a type of verb that must have an object

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intransitive verb

a verb that has a subject but no object