ap united states history unit 4

Embargo Act

1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Hartford Convention

meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed its complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

Adams-Onis Treaty

agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

American System

economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy

Era of Good Feelings

time during Monroe's presidency when the country entered a period of national unity

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Marshall Court

chief Justice John Marshall; established the power of the federal government over the states; supremacy clause; supported by McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden

Temperance

restraint or moderation, especially in regards to alcohol or food

Erie Canal

a canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825

Seneca Falls Convention

1848 the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Indian Removal Act

1830 a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Bank War

Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"

Nullification

a state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Spoils System

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters

Irish Immigration

large number of Irish migrated to the US because of the potato famine

German Immigration

2nd largest group of immigrants. some came to u.s. for political reasons. some fled after the failed revolution in 1848. others came for religious freedom but, most came here for economic opportunity

Market Revolution

Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses)

Cult of Domesticity

idealization of women and the home

2nd Great Awakening

series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans

Lewis and Clark

sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery

Dorothea Dix

activist who helped improve conditions of mental patients

Horace Mann

secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, prominent proponent of public school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation

Whig Party

political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson, weak president and strong Congress

Democratic Party

a political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824

Hudson River School

first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition

Marbury v. Madison

case establishing the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Transdentalism

a movement that sought to explore the relationship between humans and nature through emotions rather than through reason

Mormons

church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking

Nat Turner

leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

William Lloyd Garrison

American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society