History of Medicine HOSA BOWL

Father of medicine

Hippocrates

May have been the first physician

Imhotep

• earliest to maintain accurate health records

• use magic and plants to treat

Ancient Egyptians

• Monitored pulse

• recorded pharmacopoeia (official drug directory) of medications

• used acupuncture

Ancient Chinese

• stress diet and cleanliness to treat disease

• used massage, art, and herbs to treat disease

Ancient Greeks

• made early hospitals

• used aqueducts to carry clean water

• drained marshes to reduce malaria incidence

• established 4 humors

Ancient Romans

Who identified the brain as the site of senses

Alcmaeon

who established the 4 humors/fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

Galen

what was made from poppy plants to treat pain in early times

morphine

Promote chemical therapies for disease

Roger Bacon

Described circulatory system of lungs

Michael Servetus

described the parasite causing scabies

Avenzoar

known as Arab Hippocrates, was an Arab physician

Rhazes

Father of modern surgery

Ambroise Pare

Created the oral live-virus vaccine for polio

Albert Sabin

Developed sulfa drugs to fight infection

Gerhard Domagk

Developed method to grow viruses in cultures

John Enders and Frederick Robbins

performed surgery to separate conjoined twins

Benjamin Carson

performed first lung transplant

James Hardy

Isolated radium

Marie Curie

Developed vaccine against typhoid

Harry Plotz

developed diphtheria vaccine

Emile Roux

discovered viruses

Dimitri Ivanofski

Performed first successful C-section

Jesse Bennett

Created mercury thermometer

Gabriel Fahrenheit

therapy involves self-esteem, developing self-awareness, and love for oneself

positive thought

ancient healing art based on the concept that the body is divided into 10 equal zones

Reflexology

non-contact therapeutic touch to correct or balance energy fields

Therapeutic touch

treatment using gliding, kneading, friction, tapping or vibration motions of hands

therapeutic massage

Hindu discipline using concentration, specific positions, and ancient ritual movements to maintain the balance and flow of life energy

yoga

Monitoring devices to provide patient with information on reaction to stress through heart rate, respirations, blood pressure

Used to treat hypertension, migraine headaches

biofeedback

Treatment based on using minute doses of drugs from natural substances

homeopathy

Type of treatment using water in any form for healing purposes

hydrotherapy

Nutritional therapy used to prevent oxidation, and neutralize free radicals (molecules that

can damage body cells by altering the genetic code 

Can prevent cancer, heart rate

Types: Vitamin A, C, E and selenium

antioxidants (free radicals)

Special machines called air ionizers produce negatively charged air particles

ionization therapy

A nutrition therapy based on Taoist concept of the balance of yin

macrobiotic diet

form of chinese medicine where needles are inserted into the body to balance chi

acupuncture

pressure applied to pressure points to stimulate energy flow

acupressure

ancient indian practice with a holistic approach

ayurveda

japanese alternative treatment to promote healing via energy

reiki

Ancient Japanese/Tibetan healing art based on idea that disease causes an imbalance in the body’s energy field; gentle hand pressure on body’s chakras

healing touch

method of inducing a trance like state of deep relaxation in order to treat disorders of a psychological or emotional origin

hypnosis

the use of essential oils to improve health and well-being

aromatherapy

focuses and clears your mind using a combination of mental and physical techniques

meditation

an ancient chinese martial art where you perform a series of deliberate, flowing motions while focusing on deep, slow breaths

tai chi

Discovered insulin

Frederick Banting and Charles Best

Who discovered yellow fever is transmitted through mosquito

Walter Reed

What two people’s discovery led to the prevention of polio

Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

What was the process of drilling holes in the skull on live patients to “let the demon out”, practiced by Egyptians

Trepanation

The islamic empire was very good at inventing what field of medicine

Pharmacology

Created the inactivated (killed) polio vaccine

Jonas Salk

Who discovered the tuberculosis bacteria

Robert Koch

Discovered the treatment for syphilis

Paul Ehrlich

Invented microscope, father of microbiology

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Symbol of medicine/healing

Rod of asclepius

Invented stethoscope

Rene Laennec

Founder of modern nursing

Florence Nightingale

Founded American Red Cross

Clara Barton

Discovered the shape of DNA

James Watson and Francis Crick

Made penicillin

Alexander Fleming

Founder of modern anatomy

Andreas Vesalius

Created bifocals for glasses

Benjamin Franklin

Created smallpox vaccine

Edward Jenner

Discovered eustachian tube

Bartolomeo Eustachio

Used disinfectants and antiseptics to prevent infection

Joseph Lister

Discovered pasteurization to kill bacteria, created rabies vaccine

Louis Pasteur

Started one of first nurse training programs

Theodor Fliedner

Discovered heredity and dominant/recessive patterns

Gregory Mendel

Discovered element of oxygen

Joseph Priestly (discovered pure oxygen, priests are pure, priestly!)

Identified fallopian tubes and described tympanic membrane

Gabriel Fallopius

Described circulation of blood to and from heart

William Harvey

Founder of comparative anatomy

Aristotle

Formed basis for psychology and psychiatry

Sigmund Freud

Performed first successful heart transplant

Christian Barnard

Early pharmacies

Apothecaries

Caring for the elderly

Geriatric care

Types of alternative medicine practicioners

Ayurvedic, chinese medicine, chiropractors, homeopaths, hypnotists, naturopaths

Control rising cost and achieve max benefit of healthcare

Cost containment

Four humors

Black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm

Audio and computer systems to provide health care from a distance

Telemedicine

State of being in good health with balanced physical, social, and mental health

Wellness

First female physician

Elizabeth Blackwell

Discovered x-rays

Wilhelm Roentgen