HBS EOC Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes.

What is the front part of a human, including face and abdominal region, referred to?

Anterior

What is the back part of a human, including shoulder blades and heels, referred to?

Posterior

What term refers to something that is higher up on the body?

Superior

What term refers to something lower on the body?

Inferior

What term refers to something closer to the midline?

Medial

What term refers to something further away from the midline?

Lateral

What term refers to something on an appendage closer to the trunk?

Proximal

What term refers to something further away from the trunk?

Distal

What term refers to something closer to the surface of the skin?

Superficial

What term refers to something that is further within the body?

Deep

What term refers to something associated with the spinal side of the body?

Ventral

What term refers to something associated with the abdominal side of the body?

Dorsal

What is the layman's term for the 'abdominal' regional term?

Tummy

What is the layman's term for the 'antecubital' regional term?

Where blood is taken from - inside of elbow

What is the layman's term for the 'axillary' regional term?

Armpit

What is the layman's term for the 'brachial' regional term?

Arm

What is the layman's term for the 'buccal' regional term?

Cheek

What is the layman's term for the 'calcaneal' regional term?

Heel

What is the layman's term for the 'carpal' regional term?

Hands/wrists

What is the layman's term for the 'cephalic' regional term?

Head

What is the layman's term for the 'cervical' regional term?

Neck

What is the layman's term for the 'coxal' regional term?

Pelvis

What is the layman's term for the 'digital' regional term?

Fingers/toes

What is the layman's term for the 'femoral' regional term?

Thigh

What is the layman's term for the 'gluteal' regional term?

Booty

What is the layman's term for the 'inguinal' regional term?

Groin

What is the layman's term for the 'lumbar' regional term?

Lower back

What is the layman's term for the 'nasal' regional term?

Nose

What is the layman's term for the 'occipital' regional term?

Back of the head

What is the layman's term for the 'olecranal' regional term?

Elbow

What is the layman's term for the 'oral' regional term?

Mouth

What is the layman's term for the 'orbital' regional term?

Eye

What is the layman's term for the 'patellar' regional term?

Knee

What is the layman's term for the 'pelvic' regional term?

Upper part of pelvis - part of the hip you can feel

What is the layman's term for the 'popliteal' regional term?

Back of knee

What is the layman's term for the 'sacral' regional term?

Tailbone

What is the layman's term for the 'scapular' regional term?

Shoulder blade

What is the layman's term for the 'sternal' regional term?

Sternum (chest/between left and right ribs)

What is the layman's term for the 'tarsal' regional term?

Feet/ankle

What is the layman's term for the 'thoracic' regional term?

Chest cavity

What is the layman's term for the 'umbilical' regional term?

Belly button

What is the layman's term for the 'vertebral' regional term?

Spine

Cells work together to form what?

Tissue

Tissues work together to form what?

Organs

Organs work together to form what?

Organ system

What are the four types of bones (think shape)?

Flat bone, Long bone, Irregular bone, Short bone

Name two examples of Flat Bone

Left Parietal bone, Frontal bone

Name two examples of Long Bone

Humerus bone, femur bone

Name two examples of Irregular Bone

Thoracic vertebra, Maxilla

Name two examples of Short Bone

Carpals, tarsals

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Cells that help in the building of bones

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Cells that help with the breaking down of bone

What are the four stages of fracture repair?

Hematoma Formation, Fibrocartilage callus formation, Bony Callus Formation, Bone Remodeling

What are the three types of muscle tissue

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

What are the 6 muscle rules?

Rule 1: Muscles must have at least 2 attachments and must cross at least 1 joint. Rule 2: Muscles always pull never push. Rule 3: The insertion moves and the origin remains stationary. Rule 4: Flexors are muscles that decrease in angle and extensors increase in angle. Rule 5: Muscles work in pairs. Rule 6: Muscle striations point to the attachments and show the direction of the pull.

What is the definition of origin in a muscle?

the attachment that does not move

What is the definition of insertion in a muscle?

the attachment that does move

What does the central nervous system consists of?

the brain and the brain stem

What does the peripheral nervous system consists of?

all the nerves in the body

what four lobes are in the cerebrum

temporal, occipital, parietal, and frontal

What are the part of the brainstem?

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Which part of the Brain is associated with Behavior and personality, planning, voluntary muscle movements, mood, emotions, social interactions, and attention?

Frontal lobe

Which part of the Brain is associated with Processing smell and sound, language understanding?

Temporal lobe

Which part of the Brain is associated with Sensing touch, temperature, pressure, and pain, spatial processing, language, and memory?

Parietal lobe

Which part of the Brain is associated with Visual Perception?

Occipital lobe

Which part of the Brain is associated with Muscular coordination and balance?

cerebellum

Which part of the Brain is associated with Breathing, blood pressure, sleeping and waking?

Brain stem

Which part of the Brain is associated with Center for pain perception?

Sensory cortex/thalamus

Which part of the Brain is associated with Communication between hemispheres of the brain?

Corpus collosum

Which part of the Brain is associated with Coordinates autonomic nervous system, pituitary gland, body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, and emotion?

hypothalamus

Which part of the Brain is associated with Long Term memory?

hippocampus

What is the function of sensory neurons?

send signals to the brain

What is the function of interneurons?

send signals within the brain

What is the function of motor neurons?

send signals to muscles

The sodium potassium pump uses ATP to diffuse how many sodium ions out of the cell and how many potassium ions into the cell to maintain resting potential?

3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell

Resting membrane potential is what mV?

-70

During depolarization, which channels are open and which close?

sodium channels are open and potassium channels close

During repolarization, which channels are open and which close?

potassium channels are open and sodium channels close

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Mood and sleep regulation; digestion?

Serotonin

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Muscle contraction, learning, memory?

Acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Pleasure, motivation, mood, attention, memory, movement?

Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Fight or flight?

Epinephrine and nor- epinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

GABA

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Glutamate

Testosterone is primarily produced by with endocrine structure?

Testes

Estrogen and progesterone are primarily produced by with endocrine structure?

Ovary

Regulates sleep/wake cycles (melatonin) is carried out by which endocrine structure?

Pineal Gland

What action do the valves allow for in the heart?

allow for blood to flow through each chamber and makes sure that there’s no backflow into each of the chambers.

What are the vessels that bring oxygenated blood to the heart itself?

Capillaries

Which side of the heart muscle is supplied by vein.

Left Side

Which are supplies blood to the right ventricle, atrium

Arteries

Which Vessel's location is The side of the neck

Carotid

Which Vessel's location is Below the clavicles

Subclavian

Which Vessel's location is armpit

Axillary

Which Vessel's location is Upper arm and elbow joint

Brachial

Which Vessel's location is Heart/chest

Aorta*

What is the amount of blood being pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat?

Stroke volume

What is calculated by dividing the ankle systolic pressure by the arm systolic pressure?

ABI, or ankle brachial index

What are the four structures of the urinary system?

Uterer, urethra, Kidney, bladder

What rate represents how rapidly the blood is cleansed of metabolic wastes

Glomerular Filtration rate