NR 565 - advanced pharmacology FINAL - Chamberlain Practice EXAM | 95 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

In which patient population is Metformin contraindicated in?

A. Diabetics with HA1c < 7.0%

B. Patients older than 50

C. Alcoholics

D. Women suffering from infertility

C. Alcoholics

What lab value suggests metformin might be contraindicated?

A. eGFR <30

B. Crea 0.8

C. WBC 7.8

D. Bun 17

A. eGFR <30

What medication is contraindicated to treat diabetes if a patient already has a cardiac ejection fraction rate of 40%?

A. Second Generation sulfonyureas

B. Thiazolidinediones

C. Dopamine Agonist

D. Glucosidase Inhibitor

B. Thiazolidinediones

Sabrina is a 35-year-old female who presents with complaints of fatigue, anxiety, and palpitations. She has a long history of obesity and reports that she is happy that she has lost 23 pounds in the last 2 months. She also reports that she has trouble sleeping and her husband complains that she is keeping the house too cold. Physical exam reveals slight tachycardia at 104 bpm and a slightly enlarged thyroid. Thyroid testing reveals hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease.

​Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?​

A. Methimazole

B. Metoprolol

C. Allopurinol

D. Levothyroxine

A. Methimazole

Which of the following medications would be considered the first line of treatment for a newly diagnosed Diabetic patient with adequate renal and hepatic function?

A: NovoLog Sliding Scale Insulin

B: Liraglutide (Victoza)

C: Oral Metformin

D: Glipizide

C: Oral Metformin

Of the following medications, which is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?

A. Metformin

B. Insulin

C. Incretin mimetics

D. Thiazolidinediones

B. Insulin

Which symptoms are most expected of a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?

A. shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue

B. tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, goiter

C. irritability, anxiety, dizziness, increased sweating

D. dry pale skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema

D. dry skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema

Patients with an increased risk for UTIs and genital infections or an active diagnosis, should avoid what drug class/es for treatment of Type II Diabetes?

A. Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)

B. Biguanide.

C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.

D. All of the above.

C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.

A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. The healthcare provider has prescribed metformin as part of the treatment plan. Which of the following statements regarding metformin is correct?

A. Metformin primarily stimulates insulin production from the pancreas.

B. Metformin reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.

C. Metformin is associated with a risk of hypoglycemia.

D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.

D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.

In what part of the body are SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors active?

A. Small intestine

B. Pancreas

C. Renal tubules

D. Stomach

C. Renal tubules

Which of the following statements is not true regarding sulfonylureas?

A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.

B. Patients should be educated about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

C. Sulfonylureas cause a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose.

D. Sulfonylureas are indicated for only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.

A 33 year old woman previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism noted have tachycardia. Which medication should the NP add to the patients regimen?

A. atenolol

B. levothyroxine

C. lithium

D. semaglutide

A. atenolol

Once a patient's thyroid is euthyroid and their dose can be maintained at the prescription, at what interval should their TSH be re-checked?

A. every 18 months

B. every 12 months

C. every 6 months

D. every 24 months

B. every 12 months

Which of the following medications reduces the absorption of levothyroxine?

A. Warfarin

B. Rifampin

C. Insulin

D. Omeprazole

D. Omeprazole

Which of the following diabetic medications are most likely to cause hypoglycemia?

A. biguanides

B. thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

C. sulfonylureas

D. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i)

C. sulfonylureas

The mechanism of action of insulin is best described as

A. Reduces the reabsorption of glucose, increasing urinary excretion of glucose.

B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.

C. Reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.

D. Promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas.

B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.

An 18 year old asthmatic patient reports to their routine annual exam. The patient reports asthma symptoms occur 4-5 times a week with once weekly night time exacerbations. The patient is most likely diagnosed with:

A. Intermittent asthma

B. Mild-peristant asthma

C. Moderate-persistant asthma

D. Severe asthma

B. Mild-peristant asthma

A 33 year old asthmatic patient reports asthma symptoms that occur daily with night time exacerbations occurring 4-5 times a week. The patient is mostly like diagnosed with:

A. Intermittent asthma

B. Mild-peristant asthma

C. Moderate-persistant asthma

D. Severe asthma

C. Moderate-persistant asthma

In management of asthma, step 1 therapy includes

A. Increase fluid intake and oxygen as needed

B. Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA) as needed

C. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

D. Omalizumab

B. Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA) as needed

A 26 year old asthmatic patient reports asthma symptoms that occur several times a day with nightly exacerbations. The patient is mostly like diagnosed with:

A. Intermittent asthma

B. Mild-peristant asthma

C. Moderate-persistant asthma

D. Severe asthma

D. Severe asthma

What is the the therapeutic goal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

A. To achieve symptom control through suppression of airway inflammation.

B. To produce bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle of the bronchi

C. To decrease the intensity and frequency of moderate to severe asthma attacks and to control chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations through bronchodilation.

D. To reduce inflammation by suppressing cytokine release and by decreasing pulmonary infiltration by neutrophils and other white blood cells.

A. To achieve symptom control through suppression of airway inflammation.

Which patient population is at most risk for methylxanthine toxicity?

A. Asians

B. Women of child-bearing age

C. Diabetics

D. Older adults

D. Older adults

Which of the following medications is a long-acting beta agonists (LABA)?

A. Methylprednisolone

B. Budesonide

C. Salmeterol

D. Zafirlukast

C. Salmeterol

The correct drug classification of Ciclesonide is

A. Methylazanthine

B. Inhaled Corticosteroid

C. Short-acting Beta Agonist

D. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

B. Inhaled Corticosteroid

A 29 year old patient reports asthma symptoms occurring twice a week with one night time exacerbation last month. Which medication would the NP most likely prescribe?

A. Levalbuterol

B. Oldaterol

C. Theophylline

D. Pratropium bromide

A. Levalbuterol

Of the following, which is not used to diagnose thyroid conditions?

A. Calcitonin

B. TSH

C. Free T4

D. Total T3

A. Calcitonin

When should a TSH level be drawn after adjusting the dose of levothyroxine?

A. after 24 months

B. within 6-8 weeks

C. at least once a year

D. the following week

B. within 6-8 weeks

During a physical assessment, a patient reports difficulty falling asleep, increased weightloss despite having an increased appetite, feeling increasingly anxious, and noticing their eyes bulging. Which diagnosis should the NP consider?

A. Hashimoto's Disease

B. Hypothyroidism

C. Hyperthyroidism

D. Addision's Disease

C. Hyperthyroidism

Which medication is best used to treat thyroid storm?

A. NSAIDs

B. Ace inhibitors

C. Levothyroxine

D. Potassium iodine

D. Potassium iodine

Why should hypothyroidism be treated early within pregnancy?

A. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy should be treated with beta blockers.

B. Maternal hypothyroidism can cause significant weight loss.

C. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy can cause congenital hyperthyroidism.

D. Maternal hypothyroidism can cause permeant neurological deficits in the child.

D. Maternal hypothyroidism can cause permeant neurological deficits in the child.

Which of the following medications accelerates the absorption of levothyroxine?

A. Iron supplements

B. Pantoprazole

C. Sertraline

D. Digoxin

C. Sertraline

The NP ordered a repeat fasting plasma glucose test for their patient, as the first test came back elevated. Which of the following repeat fasting plasma glucose value would confirm a diagnosis of diabetes?

A. 98

B. 148

C. 122

D. 55

B. 148

A patient presents with an A1C of 11.2%. Which medication should be considered at this time?

A. Insulin

B. Metformin

C. Glipizide

D. sitagliptin

A. Insulin

In diabetes, older adults should maintain an A1C

A. less than 8%

B. less than 7%

C. less than or equal to 6.5%

D. less than 10%

A. less than 8%

How often should an A1C be drawn?

A. 18 months

B. q 3-6 months

C. annually

D. monthly

B. q 3-6 months

Pioglitazone is contraindicated in

A. women of child bearing age.

B. diabetic patients.

C. patients diagnosed with heart failure.

D. patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease.

C. patients diagnosed with heart failure.

Which patient should insulin be considered?

A. The patient on step 3 of the ADA guidelines

B. The patient with a random plasma glucose of 269

C. The patient with an A1C of 9.4%

D. The patient with a fasting blood glucose of 387 and symptomatic

D. The patient with a fasting blood glucose of 387 and symptomatic

What is the total daily dose of insulin for a diabetic patient weighing 286 pounds?

A. 55 units of basal insulin and 23 units of bolus/mealtime insulin

B. 86 units of basal insulin and 86 units of bolus/mealtime insulin

C. 78 units of basal insulin and 78 units of bolus/mealtime insulin

D. 39 units of basal insulin and 39 units of bolus/mealtime insulin

D. 39 units of basal insulin and 39 units of bolus/mealtime insulin

The mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) is best described as:

A. promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas

B. reduces reabsorption of glucose by decreasing insulin resistance

C. enhances actions of incretin hormones to stimulate glucose dependent insulin and suppress glycogen release

D. inhibits glucose production in the liver and reduces glucose absorption in the gut

C. enhances actions of incretin hormones to stimulate;ate glucose dependent insulin and suppress glycogen release

Which class of medication activates receptors for GLP-1, slows gastric emptying, inhibits glucagon, and stimulates glucose release of insulin?

A. Sitagliptin

B. Dulaglutide

C. Dopalifozin

D. Glyburide

B. Dulaglutide

Which of the following is an example of a decongestant?

A. Fluticasone

B. Albuterol

C. Benzonate

D. Guaifenesin

A. Fluticasone

Which medication is used to prevent tuberculosis in people that have been exposed?

A. Isoniazid

B. Rifabutin

C. Pyridoxine

D. Rifampin

A. Isoniazid

When starting therapy for COPD and Asthma which therapy should be considered as first line?

A. Budesonide

B. Salmeterol

C. Theophylline

D. Levalbuterol

D. Levalbuterol

What instructions should be given to patients upon initiation of glucocorticoids for asthma management?

A. Take 2 inhalation doses within 10 seconds.

B. Rinse mouth thoroughly after use.

C. Store in a cold well lit area.

D. It is okay to share inhaler if sibling is taking same dose and drug.

B. Rinse mouth thoroughly after use.

Of these medications which is not a decongestant that you would prescribe a patient who has sinus congestion?

A. xylometazoline

B. phenylephrine

C. pseudoephedrine

D. rifampin

D. rifampin

In the management of chronic inflammatory conditions, under what circumstances would a NP typically consider prescribing an oral steroid (systemic corticosteroid)?

A. As the initial treatment choice for all patients.

B. When a patient seeks rapid relief from mild symptoms.

C. When non-steroidal medications and conservative treatments have demonstrated limited effectiveness or inadequacy in managing inflammation.

D. Solely in cases involving acute infections to suppress immune responses.

C. When non-steroidal medications and conservative treatments have demonstrated limited effectiveness or inadequacy in managing inflammation.

A patient demonstrates correct understanding of nicotine patches if they state:

A. "I can wear the same patch for up to a week. I just need to change sites with every new patch."

B. "I should start with the smallest patch and progressively use larger patches over several weeks."

C. "The patch can be placed directly hairy skin as long as it's clean. Just press down on the adhesive."

D. "Severe and persistent itching and redness means I should stop wearing the patch and contact my provider."

D. "Severe and persistent itching and redness means I should stop wearing the patch and contact my provider."

What educating patients, how should we advise them to use nicotine gum?

A. Drink a 8oz of water immediately before chewing nicotine gum.

B. Remove dentures prior to chewing nicotine gum.

C. Use nicotine gum for one year to yield bet results.

D. Chew nicotine gum slowly and intermittently for 30 minutes.

D. Chew slowly and intermittently for 30 minutes

An adult patient reports wanting to quit smoking. Upon chart review, it is noted that this patient has a psychiatric history that includes anorexia nervousa. Which medication should not be considered for this patient for smoking cessation?

A. Chantix

B. Nicotine patch

C. Bupropion

D. Nicotine spray

C. Bupropion

A patient with severe asthma should be educated to use which of their asthma prescription medication first?

A. Fermetoerol

B. Levalbuterol

C. Budesonide

D. Roflumilast

B. Levalbuterol

Long acting beta agonists must be prescribed with which medication class?

A. Glucocorticoids

B. Short acing beta agonists

C. Oral steriods

D. Methylaxanthines

A. Glucocorticoids

What patient education should be included when prescribing Albuterol?

A. Record symptom frequency and intensity.

B. Use a spacer when inhaler in almost finished.

C. Wait minimum of 30 seconds between use.

D. Use on a fixed schedule.

A. Record symptom frequency and intensity.

Which drug class as no significant drug interactions?

A. Decongestants

B. Expectorants

C. Long acting beta agonists

D Oral Steriods

B. Expectorants

A patient with COPD is noted to have a primary bronchitis component. Which medication is now indicated?

A. Prednisone

B. Formetorol

C. Roflumilast

D. Cislesonide

C. Roflumilast

Which medication should be used in the treatment of tuberculosis in pregnancy?

A. Ethambutol

B. Pyridoxine

C. Rifapentine

D. Rifabutin

D. Rifabutin

Proton pump inhibitors affect the absorption of all the following minerals/vitamins except

A. calcium

B. magnesium

C. vitamin b12

D. iron

D. iron

Which class of medication can lead to pneumonia, fractures, rebound acid hyersecretion, hypomagnesemia, and diarrhea?

A. H2 receptor agonists

B. Anti-diarrheal

C. Proton pump inhibitors

D. Antacids

C. Proton pump inhibitors

What medication can impart a harmless black coloration to the tongue and stool?

A. Lopermide

B. Bismuth Subalicylate

C. Ranitidine

D. Clarithromycin

B. Bismuth Subalicylate

Your breastfeeding patient reports constipation and requests for relief medication. Which medication should be considered?

A. Senna

B. Colace

C. Mineral Oil

D. Miralax

A. Senna

Why should laxatives be used with caution in pregnancy?

A. The GI stimulation from laxatives can induce labor

B. Laxatives can cause significant weight loss.

C. Laxative use in pregnancy can cause significant developmental delays to the fetus.

D. Laxatives use in pregnancy leads to congenital digestive malformations

A. The GI stimulation from laxatives can induce labor.

Neena is planning missionary work in a region with poor drinking water. She is given a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take with her. Which of the following instructions are most important to discuss with Neena?

A. Start ciprofloxacin 1 week before traveling.

B. Take 1 tablet of ciprofloxacin with each meal while living in areas with inadequate water maintenance.

C. Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few days.

D. Combine the antibiotic with an antidiarrheal medication, such as loperamide.

C. Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few days.

A patient comes into the clinic with complaints of bloating and abdominal pain for a few weeks. What are appropriate options for treatment?

A. Test for H.Pylori

B. Start patient on a bland diet

C. Lifestyle modifications and Histamine Type-2 Receptor Antagonists

D. Order endoscopy

C. Lifestyle modifications and Histamine Type-2 Receptor Antagonists

A pregnant woman comes in asking for GERD medication, what can you recommend?

A. Misoprostol

B. Sucralafate

C. Esomeprazole

D. Diet modifications only

B. Sucralafate

Which of the following is a Histamine Type-2 Receptor Antagonist?

A. Pantoprazole

B. Misoprostol

C. Nizatidine

D. Senna

C. Nizatidine

Which medication is associated with decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B12?

A. Metronidazole

B. Polyethylene glycol

C. Metoclopramide

D. Esomeprazole

D. Esomeprazole

The patient demonstrates correct understanding metronidazole when they state:

A. "I can still have my nightly glass of wine while taking this medication."

B. "Unfortunately, I can not take this medication because I am 6 weeks pregnant."

C. "Episodes of diarrhea and insomnia are the most common side effects of this medication."

D. "Metronidazole does not treat sensitive strains of H. pylori. I need a different prescription."

B. "Unfortunately, I can not take this medication because I am 6 weeks pregnant."

When treating for symptomatic H.Pylori the medications used should include:

A. Amoxicillin

B . Bismuth

C. Metronidazole

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which medication can be abused due to its "morphine-like affect"?

A. Prilosec

B. Zofran

C. Mylanta

D. Lopermide

D. Lopermide

Which medication class is associated with the following symptoms: pneumonia, fractures, rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, and diarrhea?

A. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

B. PPIs

C. Antacids

D. Laxatives

B. PPIs

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common and require NPs to appropriately diagnose and manage these issues. Which of the following statements are true?

A. Proton pump inhibitors are the more effective medicine for gastro-esophageal reflux, but have long term concerns which can be weighed against procedural solutions.

B.. Tobacco has many downsides but is good for GERD

C. Laxatives are something patients only take when they need it and pose no concern for self management

D. Lifestyle changes cannot help irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, or GERD

A. Proton pump inhibitors are the more effective medicine for gastro-esophageal reflux, but have long term concerns which can be weighed against procedural solutions.

Which antiemetic drug is known to potentially cause severe reparatory depression and is contraindicated in children below 2 years old?

A. Ondansetron

B. Glucocorticoids

C. Promethazine

D. Lorazepam

C. Promethazine

Laxative are contraindicated in which of the following condition?

A. Pregnancy

B. Constipation

C. Diverticulitis

D. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A. Pregnancy

Which of the following complications is NOT associated with long-term Proton-Pump-Inhibitor (PPI) usage?

A. Increased Risk of Bone Fractures

B. Increased chance of developing Dementia

C. Increased risk of developing Cancer

D. Decreased absorption of Calcium and Magnesium

C. Increased risk of developing Cancer

Why should PPIs be avoided for older adults when treating GERD?

A. Risk for fractures

B. Too expensive

C. Polypharmacy

D. Hypotension

A. Risk for fractures

What medications should be taken for Traveler's Diarrhea?

A. Fluoroquinolones

B. Immodium

C. Misoprostol

D. Alosetron

A. Fluoroquinolones

Cimetidine was the first histamine 2 receptor antagonist available but can produce adverse effects, especially in the older population. Of the adverse reactions listed below, which one is not an adverse effect of Cimetidine?

A. Confusion

B. Hallucinations

C. Gynecomastia

D. Rebound acid hypersecretion

D. Rebound acid hypersecretion

Which of the following vaccines are live attenuated vaccines and contraindicated in patients with a low immune system?

A. TDaP, Td, DT

B. Zoster, Varicella, MMR

C. HPV, IIV, IPV

D. Hep A, Hep B, HiB

B. Zoster, Varicella, MMR

Which of the following is not a contraindication to vaccines?

A. Severe allergic reaction to vaccines or an ingredient within a vaccine.

B. Encephalopathy within 7 days of a previous dose of DTP of Tdap with no other apparent cause.

C. Pregnancy for MMR, varicella, and zoster vaccines.

D. Guillan Barre Syndrome <6 weeks after a previous vaccine dose

D. Guillan Barre Syndrome <6 weeks after a previous vaccine dose

Which of the following is a attenuated vaccine?

A. Tdap

B. Polio

C. MMRV

D. Hep B

C. MMRV

Which class of oral diabetes drugs is paired most appropriately with its primary mechanism of action?

A. DPP-4 inhibitor: inhibits breakdown of complex carbohydrates.

B. SGLT2 inhibitor: increases urinary excretion of glucose

C. Sulfonylurea: increases insulin sensitivity

D. Thiazolidinedione: decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis.

B. SGLT2 inhibitor: increases urinary excretion of glucose

Which of the following drugs for diabetes is MOST likely to cause hypoglycemia?

A. Glyburide

B. Exenatide

C. Rosiglitazone

D. Saxagliptin

A. Glyburide

A 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes recently experienced a myocardial infarction (heart attack). He takes metformin and canagliflozin for his diabetes, and his A1C is still above goal. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to initiate for this patient?

A. Glipizide

B. Liraglutide

C. Pioglitazone

D. Sitagliptin

B. Liraglutide

A 29-year-old woman with complaints of fatigue and weight gain presents for her annual physical exam. Her TSH is 13.5 mIU/L (normal 0.5-4.7 mIU/L). Which of the following agents is most appropriate to treat the TSH abnormality?

A. Levothyroxine

B. Liothyronine

C. Liotrix

D. Propylthiouracil

A. Levothyroxine

A 45-year-old woman requires levothyroxine for a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Her current medications include metoprolol and pravastatin. She also takes calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements. Which of her medications may affect the levothyroxine dosage requirements?

A. Pravastatin

B. Calcium carbonate

C. Metoprolol

D. Vitamin D

B. Calcium carbonate

Which of the following symptoms indicates that a patient may need a lower dosage of levothyroxine?

A. Bradycardia

B. Cold intolerance

C. Palpitations

D. Weight gain

C. Palpitations

A 22-year-old woman with asthma goes hiking with her friends on a cold, windy day. While hiking, she suddenly experiences difficulty in breathing, dry cough, and chest tightness. Which of the following drugs can provide prompt relief of her symptoms?

A. Inhaled fluticasone

B. Inhaled beclomethasone

C. Inhaled albuterol

D. Inhaled salmeterol

C. Inhaled albuterol

During a dental cleaning, a patient with asthma is noted to have white patches in his oral cavity, which can be easily scraped off. He states that the lesions appeared after he was started on a new inhaler for controlling his worsening asthma. Which of the following drugs most likely contributed to the symptoms this patient?

A. Beclomethasone

B. Cromolyn

C. Levalbuterol

D. Zileuton

A. Beclomethasone

Which of the following therapeutic options for COPD acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4?

A. Dupilumab

B. Roflumilast

C. Salmeterol

D. Tiotropium

B. Roflumilast

A 32-year-old man with a history of opioid addiction presents with cough due to a viral upper respiratory system infection. Which of the following treatments is appropriate symptomatic treatment of cough in this patient?

A. Guaifenesin/dextromethorphan

B. Guaifenesin/codeine

C. Benzonatate

D. Montelukast

C. Benzonatate

An elderly woman with a recent history of myocardial infarction is seeking a medication to help treat her occasional heartburn. She is currently taking several medications, including aspirin, clopidogrel, simvastatin, metoprolol, and lisinopril. Which of the following drugs should be avoided in this patient?

A. Calcium carbonate

B. Famotidine

C. Omeprazole

D. Nizatidine

C. Omeprazole

A 45-year-old woman complains of nightly severe persistent heartburn for the past 3 weeks and an unpleasant, acid-like taste in her mouth. The clinician suspects that she has gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate?

A. An antacid such as aluminum hydroxide

B. Dicyclomine

C. Granisetron

D. Omeprazole

D. Omeprazole

A couple celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary are given a trip to Peru to visit Machu Picchu. Because of past experiences while traveling, they ask their doctor to prescribe an agent in case they experience diarrhea. Which of the following drugs would be effective?

A. Omeprazole

B. Loperamide

C. Famotidine

D. Lubiprostone

B. Loperamide

A 27-year-old woman who is 34 weeks' pregnant is on bed rest and is experiencing mild constipation. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate for her?

A. Castor oil

B. Docusate

C. Mineral oil

D. Loperamide

B. Docusate

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) have been associated with which of the following drugs?

A. Metoclopramide

B. Sucralfate

C. Aprepitant

D. Bisacodyl

A. Metoclopramide

Which of the following agents for gastrointestinal problems is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A. Calcium carbonate

B. Famotidine

C. Lansoprazole

D. Misoprostol

D. Misoprostol