Effects and Responses Nepal and Japan

Japan primary effects (5 effects)

1. Violent ground shaking

2. Eastern Tōhoku roads and rail lines destroyed

3. Electricity and water systems disrupted

4. Over 4 million were left without electricity

5. Over 1.5 million were left without wtaer

Japan secondary effects (4)

1. 10m high tsunami waves caused 18000 deaths and 500,000 to homeless

2. Waves destroyed cities/towns

3. Explosions at Fukushima power plant lead to 100,000 people evacuated because of radioactive leaks

4. Total damage estimated at US$235 billion

Nepal primary effects (7)

1. 9000 people died

2. 20000 people injured

3. 3 million people left homeless

4. 1.4 million people needed aid (food, shelter, water) weeks after earthquake

5. 7000 schools destroyed and hospitals overwhelmed

6. 50% of shops destroyed affecting food supplies

7. Estimated cost damage US$5 billion

Secondary effects Nepal (4)

1. Landslides and avalanches triggered by Earthquakes blocked the roads, preventing relief

2. Avalanches on Mt. Everest killed 19 people

3. Avalanche caused 250 people missing in the Langtang region

4. Landslide blocked river, many people evacuated because of flooding

Nepal immediate responses (5)

1. International search and rescue teams (SARAID) rescued 16 survivors

2. Water and medical support arrived from UK, India, and China

3. World Vision International provided emergency food kits for 8000 people and shelter materials for 20,000 families

4. Helicopters rescue many caught in avalanches

5. Field hospitals set up by Red Cross, more than 500,000 tents set up

Nepal long term responses (5)

1. 2018 Nepal adopted new National Disaster Risk Reduction Police to increase future resilience

2. 2015 most roads had been repaired and landslides cleared

3. Nepal Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project supported by US$700 mil from IDA

4. September 2020, 212000 homes had been constructed

5. UNEECO working with government to restore 700 damaged temples, palace, and museums

Japan immediate response (3)

1. Search and rescue teams worked for several days

2. 500,000 people evacuated to higher ground before the tsunami struck

3. Within a few weeks some roads and railways had been restored

Japan long term responses (5)

1. A reconstruction budget of over US$150 billion was created

2. By early 2015 most debris had been cleared

3. By 2020 30,000 units of public housing had bern completed

4. In 2014 an upgraded tsunami warning system was launched

5. Seawalls 12.5m high have been constructed to protect