Axial Bone Markings

What part is this?

sagittal (cranial vault)

what sutures is this?

Coronal (cranial vault)

what sutures is this?

Lamboid (cranial vault)

what sutures is this?

Squamous

what is this?

glabella (frontal bone)

the superior rim of the eye sockets.

supraorbital margins (frontal bone)

opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

supraorbital foramen (frontal bone)

holds the frontal lobe of the brain

anterior cranial fossa (frontal bone)

either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium

parietal bone

4 curved lines on the external surface of occipital bone

nuchal lines (occipital bone)

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

foramen magnum (occipital bone)

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

occipital condyles (occipital bone)

supports the cerebellum of the brain

posterior cranial fossa (occipital bone)

flat; above ear

squamous portion (temporal bone)

raised portion on top section of skull towards bottom

petrous portion (temporal bone)

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

zygomatic process (temporal bone)

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

styloid process (temporal bone)

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

mastoid process (temporal bone)

ear canal

external auditory meatus (temporal bone)

central section of sphenoid

body of sphenoid bone

what is this

stella turcica of sphenoid bone

One of two side wings extending from the body of the sphenoid bone

lesser wing of sphenoid bone

posterior and inferior to lesser wing on the interior of the skull, also visible in the posterior orbit and lateral side of the skull

greater wing of sphenoid bone

what is this

middle cranial fossa of sphenoid bone

- eye socket

orbital surface of sphenoid bone

point of attachment for muscles of mastication (chewing)

medial pterygoid plates

point of attachment for muscles of mastication (chewing)

lateral pterygoid plates

hook-shaped process

hamulus of sphenoid bone

Structure of the ethmoid bone that projects superiorly from the cribriform plate. It's named is derived from "rooster's comb"

crista gali

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

cribriform plate

smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets

orbital plate in ethmoid bone

forms superior part of nasal septum

perpendicular plate in ethmoid bone

frontal process in maxillae

lateral bony framework of nose and lateral wall of nasal cavity

what is this?

lacrimal notch in maxillae

meets zygomatic bone, forms part of inferior orbital rim and orbital floor

zygomatic process in maxillae

Portion of the maxillary bones that form the support for teeth of the maxillary arch

alveolar process in maxillae

roof of the mouth

palatine process in maxillae

what is this?

sinus in maxillae

forms the lateral wall of the orbit and it articulates with the frontal bone

frontal process in zygomatic bone

lateral surface of eye orbits

orbital surface in zygomatic bone

either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits

Palatine bone (horizontal plate)

thinnest and most fragile bones in the entire body

lacrimal and nasal bones

located on either side of the midline groove on the superior surface of the vomer. Is the thickest part of the vomer

vomer (ala)

lower jaw: body, angle, ramus, coronoid process, condylar process, mandibular condyle, alveolar process, mental and mandibular foramen

mandible

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

body in mandible

what is this?

angle in mandible

vertical part of mandible

ramus in mandible

flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus

coronoid process in mandible

articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

mandibular condyle in mandible

supports the lower teeth

alveolar process in mandible

holes in which the cranial nerves travel

mental and mandibular foramen

articulated vertebral column, individual vertebra, regional vertebrae,

vertebral column

articulated vertebral column

vertebral canal
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral curvatures
spinal nerves
intervertebral foramen

what is this?

intervertebral foramen (articulated vertebral column)

the four curvatures of the vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, curvatures

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

spinal nerves

Arteries that ascend the vertebrae, enter the base of the skull, and join together to form the basilar artery.

vertebral arteries (articulated vertebral column)

opening for spinal cord

vertebral foramen in vertebrae

The portion of the vertebrae that points out laterally. Remember the Transverse Plane.

transverse process in vertebrae

Where does the vertebral artery enter so that it can continue on to the brain?

transverse foramen in vertebrae

The portion of the vertebrae that sticks out posteriorly.

spinous process in vertebrae

-Location: Superior to pedicles and intermediate to the transverse processes and vertebral body of the vertebrae
-Articulates with: Inferior articular process of the next vertebra just superior to the current vertebra
*Think of the connected rungs of a ladder. The superior articular processes act in this way with the inferior articular processes

superior articular process in vertebrae

articular process that arises at the junction between the pedicles and laminae; projects caudally

inferior articular process (vertebrae)

articulate with the inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae

superior articular facets

articulate with the superior articular facets of inferior vertebrae

inferior articular facets

the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion which is the weight bearing portion

body of vertebrae

protects the spinal cord

vertebral arch

A thin layer or flat plate of a vertebra between the transverse process and the spinous process.

lamina (vertebrae)

attached to and extends posteriorly on either side of the body

pedicle (vertebrae)

transverse foramen, dens, bifed

cervical region contains

what is this?

transverse foramen (cervical region)

what is this

dens (cervical region)

what is this

bifid (cervical region)

what is this

thoracic region

what is this

facets for rib articulation

tailbone
- Sacral foramina—(anterior and posterior)
-Sacral crest
-Sacral canal
-Sacral promontory

sacral region

Four ridges (lines of fusion) cross the anterior part of the sacrum, and sacral foramina are located at either end of these ridges. There foramina allow blood vessels and nerves to pass

sacral foramina (anterior and posterior)

raised midline down center of sacrum

sacral crest

central canal transmitting the dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves S1 to S6 and the coccygeal spinal nerve.

sacral canal

Where the first sacral vertebrae bulges into pelvic cavity

sacral promontory

ribs and sternum

thoracic cage

true ribs 1-7

vertebrosternal ribs

"False Ribs" 8-10

Vertebrochondral ribs

vertebrosternal vs vertebrochondral ribs

Vertebrosternal ribs are the true ribs that directly connect to the sternum, while vertebrochondral ribs are the false ribs that connect to the sternum indirectly via cartilage.

floating ribs 11-12

vertebral ribs

connects to vertebrae, end of rib

head (ribs)

lies between head and tubercle

neck (ribs)

articulates with transverse process

rib tubercle

the body of the rib

shaft (rib)

connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)

coastal cartilages (rib)

- manubrium
- sternal body
- xiphoid process

sternum contains

top of sternum

manubrium (sternum)

-Tongue-shaped
-Attaches to the manubrium
-Attaches to costal cartilages of ribs 2-7

sternal body (sternum)

bottom of sternum

xiphoid process (sternum)

what is this?

orbital surface

what is this?

sella turcica

what is this?

zygomatic bone

what is this?

temporal process

what is this?

orbital surface

what is this?

condylar process