Updated US History 4.2-4.7

Jefferson Republic 1801-1809

wanted a society of independent farmers + limited fed & executive power

Context for Louisiana Purchase

US needed land France needed money

Louisiana Purchase 1803

US got New Orleans + all Louisiana $15mill

Impact of the Louisiana Purchase

Removed European presence in the border + Increased Jefferson popularity

Louisiana Purchase reactions

Federalist: no like Americans happy

John Marshall

federalist chief Justice Jefferson did not like

Marbury V. Madison 1803

Established Judicial Review: SC decided weather an act by Congress or president was constitutional

Fletcher V. Peck 1810

State laws can be constitutional

McCulloh V. Maryland 1819

Fed law is Moore powerful than State Law

Gibbson v. Odgen 1824

gave fed gov control of Interstate commerce

Chesapeake Leopard Affair 1807

British warship (leopard) Fired on US warship (Chesapeake) where Americans were killed & taken captives

Embargo Act 1807

Alternate to war bc of US ships being seized Prohibited exports but imports were still allowed

Results of the Embargo Act

Exports & Imports fell in $ + New England wanting to separate (loss $)

Non Intercourse Act 1809

Made in response to the Embargo Acts failure & only forbade trade with GB & France

Virginia Dynasty

TJ, James Madison, James Monroe All presidents from Virginia & Demo-R

Madison 1809-1817

War of 1812, Tariff of 1816

Battle of Tippecanoe 1811

 Governor Harrison destroyed the Shawnee hq and ended efforts of Indian confederacy (GB provided lil aid) (US claimed GB for instigating NA) 

Causes of the war of 1812

Over seas Imprisonment + Americans ambition to expand + War Hawks

War Hawks

Demo-R who instigated the war of 1812

Federalist in the war of 1812

against the War

War of 1812

Between the US & GB (2yrs) ended with the treaty of Ghenet

Key Moments in the War of 1812

1. GB burned Washington DC (including the white house & Capital) 

2. Creation of Francis Scott Keys poem (The star Spangled Banner)

3. Battle of New Orleans, Impressive victory led by General Andrew Jackson 

4. 1814 Hartford Convention (NE wanted to split)

Battle of New Orleans

After the treaty of Ghent but the message was not heard yet so Jackson took down NA (GB allies)

Treaty of Ghent 1814

Ended the War of 1812, returned land to pre war owners, Recognized US & Canada’s Border. Neither side won

Impacts of the War of 1812

US gained respect, Fall of the Federalist, Nationalism, Self sufficiency (factories)

Henry Clays American system

• Tariff of 1816 (for north)

• 2nd Nat Bank that extended credit to farmers to buy land (for South)

• Nat Transportation System (all)

Tariff of 1816

Passed to protect US markets & Incentive ppl to buy US goods TAXED IMPORTED GOODS

South reaction to tariff of 1816

targeted & mad their trade relations were being hurt

Monroe 1817-1825

Florida (Adams Onis Treaty), Missouri Comprimise, Monroe Doctrine

Florida Jackson's Military campaign 1817-1818

NA & Fugitives 1817 Monroe gave Jackson clear for Spanish raids →1818 Jackson led a force of militia into FL and they destroyed Seminole chiefs intial: drove out Spanish governor & hanged British traders 

Adams-Onis Treaty

US gets Fl & Oregon territory for 5 mill

Tallmadge Amendment

A proposal to the Missouri issue (rejected)

• Prohibit intro of slavery

• Slaves would be free after 25 yrs & slavery would not be permitted in Missouri afterwards

Missouri Compromise 1820

By Henry Clay

• admit Missouri as a slave state

• admit Maine as free state

• N line free S slave

Congress of Verona

European powers plotting to take lands in the Americas

Monroe Doctrine

Statement by Monroe: American Continents are not to be considered as Subjects for future Colonization by European powers and that any attempt to extend European control would be seen as a threat

Market Revolution

Early 19th century brought a more industrialized economy and increased production and efficiency with new technology.

The Rich & the Poor

1. Gap widened between the upper and lower classes 

2. Merchants & Industrialist $$$ 

3. Cities: culture wealth emerged

Samuel Salter

slipped out of England to America with British factory plans memorized

Lowell Mills

mass production & standardization + young farm women housed in factories

Agriculture Innovations

Cotton Gin (1793) Eli Whitney + Steel plow resulted in less workers needed in feilds

Intercahngable Parts 1801

Eli Whitney increased efficiency, more product & less $ needed

Sewing Machine 1846

Elias Howe & Issac Singer ready to wear clothes

Communication innovations

Telegraph 1830s (wires) Morse code 1832

Steamships

carried cargo and people

Canals

connected N & W markets (short-lived)

National & State role in the Market Revolution

helped fund + implemented tariffs that helped the Market

Unions

Argued for better working conditions & wages problems include immigrant replacements, hostile attitudes from employers & frequent dpeio

Common Wealth V Hunt

Unions could negotiate with employers

Reasons for migrating

reduced transportation cost, more $ opportunities & deteroting conditions driving people out

Internal Migration

some in the South fled to Ohio to escape limitations

Where did Immmigrants stay?

poor=where they landed(E)

some $=moved West to become farmers

Immigrants

Irish: poor Catholics had unskilled jobs

Germans:some$ Catholics and moved West

Nativisum

Fear/Hatered of immigrants bc they felt entitled to the land. Anticatholic attitudes & the know nun party

Cult of Domesticity

women were to do “feminine things” and men had to work

People after the Era of Good Feelings (1830s)

saw political parties as essential to deciding the president

Suffrage

states gradually lifted voting land requirements (still white men)

Election of 1824

“Corrupt Bargain” Bunch of people running Jackson got majority of the voted but not enough to become president —> John QA

Election 1828

John QA v. Jackson political parties formed (second party system) whigs & Democrats

Whigs

Anti Jackson resembled the Federalist, congress>president, wanted political modernization (tax) Supported fed spending for improvements

Democrats

Jackson supporters resembled Demo-R Precedency>Congress, No modernization programs that hurt the taxpayers, No Nat Bank

Spoils System

President giving gov jobs to supporters

Sectionalism

loyalty to ones own region

Old Northwest

States accepted into the union that came from territories of the W

Henry Clay

Demo-R leader in House of Rep; proposed American System + Missouri Compromise

Romanticism 1800-1850

Artistic, literary and intellectual movement EMPHASIS on emotion, individualism and nature 

Romantic painters

captured the beautiful scenery in the west

Transcendentalist 

stressed the individual and pointed out corrupt practices (slavery, merchants)

Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882

Transcendentalist argued that Americans should NOT imitate European culture and have independent thinking (big anti slavery)

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)

Transcendentalist lived in the woods to find truths of life Not really for politics BUT was against the Mexican American war bc it was immoral

2nd Great Awakenening

religious revival of traditional Calvinist (Puritan) teachings of sin + Christianity 

Causes of the 2nd Great Awakening

1. Democratic Beliefs (liberty)

2. Rationalism (science)

3. Deism (god said bye)

4. Market Revolution (greed & sin)

5. Transportation (ppl away from churches)

Movement of the second Great Awakening

Begun with the highly educated →new generation of preachers who spoke t the uneducated preaching Salvation for all 

Millennialism

belief that the world was going to end

Charles G Finney

Revival impact along the Erie Canal apealing to peoples emotions “burned-over-District” 

Preachers message in 2nd GA

Ppl must readmit God into their lives and reject skeptical rationalism that threatened their traditional beliefs leaving predestination in the past and promoting salvation

Reforms Supported by the 2nd Great Awakening

reduced drinking, slavery and mental illness

Visions of Utopia (reform)

After the civil war most arose from religious ideas 1) shakers(equal no relationships) 2) Onida (shared everything)

Temperance movement

no alcohol/drunks based on ideas from 2nd GA

American Temperence Union 1826

pamphlets, rallies and other methods made to persuade people not to drink liquor

1.  Claimed 1 mill members (most women) 

2. Success (brief) 

3. Women are seen more politically engaged 

Temperance reactions

Factory Owners and Politicians support BUT German & Irish immigrant hate Immediate abolitionist

1. Set in his stance and radical views 

Abolitionist Movement

End of slavery & inside conflict if it should be a gradual or immediate change

William Lloyd Garrison

Immediate abolitionist. Uncompromising and apart of antislavery society

David Walker

1. Black abolitionist 

2. Born free and experienced racism 

3. Said ppl who had white talk of freedom were hypocrites 

Frederick Douglass 

1. Born slave 

2. Called for equality in every aspect (politically, $ and socially)