Absolute Monarchs and Their Impact

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to absolute monarchs and their historical impact, focusing on various rulers, political theories, and significant events.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire known for his legal reforms and military expansion.

Divine Right

The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.

Janissaries

Elite soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, originally enslaved Christian boys converted to Islam.

Louis XIV

French king known as the Sun King, symbolizing absolute power and the centralization of the French state.

English Bill of Rights

A 1689 document that outlined the rights of Parliament and limited the powers of the monarchy.

Absolutism

A political system in which a single ruler or monarch holds absolute power.

William and Mary

Protestant rulers invited to take the throne of England during the Glorious Revolution.

Mercantilism

An economic policy that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and colonial expansion.

Catherine the Great

The Empress of Russia who modernized the country and expanded its territories.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western ideas, technology, and culture.

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan leader of the Roundheads who helped execute Charles I and ruled England as a military dictator.

Petition of Right

A document that limited the king's power in a number of ways, requiring parliamentary consent for taxation.

Fronde

A series of civil wars in France during Louis XIV's youth that shaped his views on governance.

Habeas Corpus

The legal principle that prohibits the detention of a person without a charge.

Roundheads

Opponents of the King in the English Civil War, primarily composed of Puritans and Parliament supporters.

St. Petersburg

A city built by Peter the Great that symbolized his efforts to modernize Russia.

Balance of Power

A geopolitical concept where military and economic power is distributed to prevent any one nation from dominating.

Richelieu and Mazarin

Chief ministers to Louis XIII and Louis XIV who played key roles in strengthening the French monarchy.

Serfdom

A system in which peasants are tied to the land and under the control of the landowners.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire known for his legal reforms and military expansion.

Divine Right

The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.

Janissaries

Elite soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, originally enslaved Christian boys converted to Islam.

Louis XIV

French king known as the Sun King, symbolizing absolute power and the centralization of the French state.

English Bill of Rights

A 1689 document that outlined the rights of Parliament and limited the powers of the monarchy.

Absolutism

A political system in which a single ruler or monarch holds absolute power.

William and Mary

Protestant rulers invited to take the throne of England during the Glorious Revolution.

Mercantilism

An economic policy that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and colonial expansion.

Catherine the Great

The Empress of Russia who modernized the country and expanded its territories.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western ideas, technology, and culture.

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan leader of the Roundheads who helped execute Charles I and ruled England as a military dictator.

Petition of Right

A document that limited the king's power in a number of ways, requiring parliamentary consent for taxation.

Fronde

A series of civil wars in France during Louis XIV's youth that shaped his views on governance.

Habeas Corpus

The legal principle that prohibits the detention of a person without a charge.

Roundheads

Opponents of the King in the English Civil War, primarily composed of Puritans and Parliament supporters.

St. Petersburg

A city built by Peter the Great that symbolized his efforts to modernize Russia.

Balance of Power

A geopolitical concept where military and economic power is distributed to prevent any one nation from dominating.

Richelieu and Mazarin

Chief ministers to Louis XIII and Louis XIV who played key roles in strengthening the French monarchy.

Serfdom

A system in which peasants are tied to the land and under the control of the landowners.

Glorious Revolution

A bloodless overthrow of King James II of England in 1688, which led to William and Mary taking the throne and the signing of the English Bill of Rights.

English Civil War

A conflict (1642-1651) between Parliament (Roundheads) and King Charles I (Cavaliers), resulting in the king's execution and Oliver Cromwell's rule.

Peter the Great

A Russian czar who implemented extensive reforms to modernize and Westernize Russia in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

Cavaliers

Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War, typically royalists and Anglicans.

Charles I

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland whose conflicts with Parliament led to the English Civil War and his execution.

Ottoman Empire

A powerful Islamic empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

Unlike other European nations, this one did not become absolute

This English king split with the pope and created the Church of England (Angelican)

The Tudor Dynasty died out with Elizabeth and was replaced by this Scottish family

The English war resulted in this king having his head chopped off

Who is put into power after the Civil War?

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell created a theocracy based on this religion

Puritanism

This event marked the return of the monarchy to England after Cromwell died

The restoration

What time period did absolutism exist?

1300-1500s or 1500-1800

Elect of Nantes

Granted, religious freedom to French protestantS (Huguenots)

Cardinal Richelou

Moved against the Huguenots.

Sought to weaken Noble’s power. Wanted to make friends the strongest state.