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Doppler effect
An increase or decrease in the wavelength and frequency of a wave as the source moves relative to an observer
f’
apparent frequency
f
frequency emitted
vw
speed of wave
vs
speed of source
+
source receding (f’<f)
-
source approaching (f’>f)
circular wave pattern -stationary
Waves propagate outwards in concentric circles because the speed of the waves is the same in every direction (stationary source)
circular wave pattern -moving
waves bunch up in front, and spread out behind the moving source