Organic Molecules

dehydration synthesis

two molecules or compouunds join to form a larger one and removes water

hydrolysis

compounds are broken down using water

monosaccharides

simple, single chain sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose)

polysaccharides

long chains made up of smaller monosaccharides (glycogen)

lipids

non water soluble, non polar (oil, butter, fats

phospholipids

made up of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

protiens

basic structural material of the body

• can be structural (collagen fibers)

• can be functional (hemoglobin, enzymes)

• can be both (muscle proteins actin and myosin)

amino acids

basic building blocks of proteins

primary protein structure

the basic links in the chain; order of amino acids

secondary protein structure

simple chains of amino acids twist to form a more complex structure (aplha helix and beta sheet)

tertiary protein structure

alpha helixes and beta sheets fold to form a 3-D shape; the whole chain in its useful form

quaternary protein structure

two or more chains form a complex protein, all interacting with each other

denatured

the bonds in the protein break, losing its shape and rendering it useless

enzyme

proteins that cause specific chemical change, speeding up reactions in our body

nucleic acids

largest molecules in the body

• classifies into DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

has a backbone of deoxyribose; genetic material and holds blueprints for your proteins

• Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

has a backbone of ribose; carries our the instructions for protein synthesis

• Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U)

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

the major energy source for cellular activities

• involved in transport work, mechanical work, and chemical work