APUSH Unit 7 VOCAB

HISTORY BABY

Christian Fundamentalism

A movement emphasizing a strict interpretation of the Bible and traditional Christian beliefs.

Bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki

The atomic bombings of these Japanese cities in August 1945 led to Japan's surrender in World War II.

Allied Powers

The coalition of nations, including the U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union, that opposed the Axis Powers in WWII.

14 Points

A statement of principles for peace proposed by President Woodrow Wilson to end World War I.

Conservatism

A political philosophy favoring traditional institutions and values, and resistance to rapid change.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marking a turning point in World War II.

American Expeditionary Force

The United States armed forces sent to Europe during World War I.

18th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the U.S.

Court-packing

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's controversial plan to increase the number of Supreme Court justices.

Dust Bowl

A major ecological disaster in the 1930s caused by drought and poor farming practices that affected the Great Plains.

Axis Powers

The coalition of nations, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, that fought against the Allied Powers in WWII.

19th Amendment

The constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Dollar diplomacy

The U.S. foreign policy aimed at furthering its interests in Latin America and East Asia through economic intervention.

First Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism and radicalism in the United States, following World War I.

Bonus Expeditionary Force

A group of World War I veterans who protested in Washington, D.C. in 1932 for their promised bonuses.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

A New Deal legislation that aimed to reduce crop surplus and raise prices for struggling farmers.

Fireside chats

Radio broadcasts by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to communicate directly with the American public.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic depression that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s.

Atlantic Charter

A joint declaration by the U.S. and Britain outlining post-war goals and principles.

Interventionism

A foreign policy approach advocating for active involvement in international affairs.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, showcasing African American art, literature, and music.

Calvin Coolidge

The 30th President of the United States, known for his laissez-faire economic policies.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A New Deal program that employed young men in environmental conservation projects.

Isolationism

A foreign policy stance of avoiding involvement in international conflicts.

Manhattan Project

The secret U.S. project during World War II to develop the atomic bomb.

Communist Party

A political party advocating for the principles and ideas of communism.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A law aimed at promoting fair competition and preventing monopolies.

Jazz

A music genre that originated in the African American communities of New Orleans and became popular in the 1920s.

Palmer Raids

A series of government raids targeting suspected radicals and anarchists in the early 1920s.

Countee Cullen

An influential poet of the Harlem Renaissance, known for his contributions to American literature.

Emergency Banking Relief Bill

Legislation enacted during the Great Depression to stabilize the banking system.

Labor strikes

Work stoppages initiated by workers to protest unfair labor practices or demand better conditions.

Potsdam Conference

The meeting of Allied leaders in July 1945 to discuss post-war arrangements in Europe.

Ernest Hemingway

An American novelist and short story writer known for his distinct literary style.

Emergency Quota Act

A law limiting immigration to the U.S. based on national quotas established in the 1920s.

Liberalism

A political ideology favoring progress, social justice, and the protection of civil liberties.

Russian Revolution

A pair of revolutions in 1917 that led to the rise of the Soviet Union.

Eugene O’Neill

An American playwright known for his significant contributions to American theatre.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Legislation that established minimum wage, overtime pay, and youth employment regulations.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

A controversial trial in the 1920s where two Italian immigrants were convicted of murder amidst widespread bias.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s known for their bold fashion and independent behavior.

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

The domestic intelligence and security service of the United States.

New Nationalism

The progressive political philosophy advocated by Theodore Roosevelt, emphasizing social justice and regulation.

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

A legal case in 1925 challenging the teaching of evolution in public schools.

Florence Kelley

A reformer and social activist who worked for labor rights and women's suffrage.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

A government agency that protects bank depositors by insuring deposits.

Protectionism

An economic policy of restricting imports to protect domestic industries.

Sinking of Lusitania

The British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, contributing to U.S. entry into WWI.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The 32nd President of the United States, known for leading the country during the Great Depression and WWII.

Federal Reserve Act

The law that created the Federal Reserve System to stabilize the U.S. banking system.

Rationing

A controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services during wartime.

Spanish-American War

The conflict in 1898 between the U.S. and Spain that resulted in U.S. territorial gains.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

An American author known for his novel 'The Great Gatsby,' a defining work of the Jazz Age.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

A government agency established to prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection.

Roosevelt Corollary

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting that the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to maintain stability.

Spanish Flu

A deadly influenza pandemic that spread worldwide in 1918-1919.

Gangsters

Criminals involved in organized crime, particularly during Prohibition in the U.S.

Good Neighbor Policy

A diplomatic policy by Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at improving relations with Latin America.

Square Deal

The domestic program by Theodore Roosevelt aimed at consumer protection, conservation, and labor rights.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A major bribery incident in the 1920s involving the leasing of federal oil reserves.

Harry S. Truman

The 33rd President of the United States, known for making the decision to use atomic bombs during WWII.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A high protective tariff enacted in 1930 that raised taxes on imports and worsened the Great Depression.

Suburbs

Residential areas that developed outside urban centers, especially post-World War II.

World War I

The global conflict from 1914 to 1918 involving many of the world's great powers.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A Republican senator who opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

Immigration Act of 1924

Legislation that significantly restricted immigration to the U.S. using national quotas.

Xenophobia

An irrational fear or hatred of people from other countries.

Yalta Conference

The meeting of Allied leaders in 1945 to discuss post-war reorganization.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the United States, known for his response to the Great Depression.

Executive Order 8802

An order signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt prohibiting racial discrimination in the defense industry.

Yellow journalism

Sensationalized news reporting aimed at attracting readers and shaping public opinion.

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico during WWI.

Huey Long

A U.S. politician known for his populist policies and the 'Share Our Wealth' program.

League of Nations

An international organization founded after World War I to promote peace, ultimately ineffective.

Welfare capitalism

An economic system combining free-market capitalism with social welfare programs.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North during the early 20th century.

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker journalist known for her work exposing unethical business practices.

Lend-Lease Act

A program during WWII allowing the U.S. to supply allied nations with war material.

Second New Deal

A series of programs and reforms launched by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to provide economic security.

Zoot Suit Riots

A series of conflict in Los Angeles in 1943 between American servicemen and Mexican American youths.

J. Edgar Hoover

The first director of the FBI, serving from its founding in 1935 until 1972.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Legislation aimed at boosting the economy during the Great Depression by regulating industry.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy advocating equal trading rights for all countries in China.

Jane Addams

A social reformer and activist, co-founder of Hull House, promoting education and social reform.

Neutrality Acts

Legislation aimed at preventing U.S. involvement in foreign wars during the 1930s.

John Maynard Keynes

An economist known for his ideas on managing economic cycles through government intervention.

Teller Amendment

A legislative measure promising that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Joseph Pulitzer

A newspaper publisher known for establishing the Pulitzer Prizes and promoting sensational journalism.

Platt Amendment

A provision in the Cuban constitution allowing U.S. intervention in Cuba.

Langston Hughes

An influential African American poet and leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

A New Deal agency that funded and constructed large-scale public works projects.

Lost Generation

A term describing a group of American writers who were disillusioned by the aftermath of World War I.

Schenck v. U.S.

A Supreme Court case that upheld the Espionage Act and restricted free speech in wartime.

Louis Armstrong

A famous jazz musician known for his trumpet playing and vocal performances.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

A government agency responsible for enforcing federal securities laws and regulating the stock market.

Margaret Sanger

A birth control activist who played a significant role in the reproductive rights movement.

Selective Service Act

A law requiring young men to register for military service during times of war.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed corruption and societal issues in the early 20th century.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A landmark federal law passed in 1890 aimed at curbing monopolies and promoting competition.