Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Special Senses

Flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture on the special senses in human anatomy and physiology.

What are the five special senses?

Smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), vision, hearing (audition), and vestibular sensation.

What is the main role of the olfactory system?

To detect air odorants and transduce them into electrical signals perceived as odors.

What are the three types of cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

Olfactory neurons, basal cells, and supporting cells.

What is the main function of taste buds?

To detect chemicals dissolved in saliva and convey taste sensations to the CNS.

What role does the ciliary body play in vision?

It changes the shape of the lens to focus light on the retina.

What are the primary types of photoreceptors in the retina?

Cones and rods.

What are the main functions of rods in vision?

To provide black and white vision in low light levels and support peripheral vision.

What is the difference between myopia and hyperopia?

Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when light is focused in front of the retina, while hyperopia (farsightedness) happens when light is focused behind the retina.

What is the primary cause of cataracts?

A clouded lens, often due to aging, trauma, UV exposure, or diseases like diabetes.

What does the vestibular system detect?

Changes in head position and movement, contributing to the sense of equilibrium.