final

microsystem

Which level of the Social Ecological Model represents your family and friends?

public policy

the macrosystem of the Social Ecological Model represents which of the following

true

true or false? self efficacy has been shown to be an important factor in an individuals choice of activity, effort exerted in those activities, and persistence in the activity when faced with challenges

indesisional balance

Which is not a construct of the transtheoretical model

post contemplation

which of the following is not a stage of the transtheoretical model

past performance

self-efficacy is an important determinate of behavior in physical activity, exercise, and sport and is derived from 4 factors, one of which is

transtheoretical model

the ________ postulates that individuals engaging in new behavior, such as adopting a regular exercise program, move through the stages of pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

processes of change

the 10 processes that represent the behaviors, cognitions, and emotions that people engage in to change a behavior is known as

biceps brachii; triceps brachii

when performing a biceps curl, the _____ is considered to be the agonist, while the _______ is considered to play the role of the antagonist

concentric

what is the best classification of an exercise that includes muscular force exerted as a muscle shortens

osteoarthritis

painful degenerative condition affecting the joint, more commonly a joint of the lower extremities. the degeneration typically breaks down cartilage first

muscular endurance

which health related fitness component is described as the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time

cardiorespitory endurance

what term is defined as the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity

150 minutes of MVPA weekly

according to national guidelines, adults should get how much physical activity

osteoblast

these are responsible for building a new bone tissue in response to stress

osteoclasts

this removes old bone for reabsorption

increases; increases

when describing the use of carbohydrates and fats in energy production, as intensity _______, carbohydrate use _________

increases

when describing the use of carbohydrates and fats in energy production, as duration goes up, fat utilization ________

fat

which of the following sources provides the most energy during the performance of low intensity excersice

increased exercise duration

which of the following factors would increase the use of fat as an energy source

false

true or false the crossover point describes that exercise duration when there is a shift from fat supplying the majority of energy to carbohydrates supplying the majority of energy

true

true or false exercise training alters the characteristics of the muscle fibers to support they type of training performed

glycolysis

which energy system involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into the end products of pyruvic acid and lactic acid

creatine phosphate

which energy pathway burns through ATP stores immediately and can anaerobically resynthesize ATP during very high intensity exercise

oxidative metabolism

the aerobic energy system which used pyruvic acid in the mitochondria to create many ATP

eccentric contraction

during which exercise does a muscle lengthen as it contracts

the basic form of energy used by cells

what is the definition of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

concentric

what is the best classification of an exercise that included muscular force exerted as a muscle shortens

first 2

what decades in life are characterized by growth, maturation, and development

pediatric obesity

what type of obesity is characterized by a chronic energy imbalance and is influenced by complex interaction between genetic, metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors

1%

what is the approximate rate of declinein VO2 max per year during aging

decreased skeletal tissue

which of the following is not a factor which could be responsible for an improvement in maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference

exercise training

which factor can profoundly influence physical function in older individuals

true

true or false lifestyle and the ability to live independently may be compromised even in older adults free of disease due to a reduction of physical capabilities

false

true or false over the last 4 decades, the decreasing prevalence of obesity in young people has propelled management of child obesity to the forefront of the global public health agenda

82.3%

what percentage of children who are obese in childhood remain obese as adults

type I

slow twitch (oxidative)
many mitochondria
fatigues slowly

type IIa

oxidative-glycolytic
medium mitochondria
fatigues medium

type IIb

fast twitch (glycolytic)
few mitochondria
fatigues fast

integumentary system aging

thins as cell activity declines and there is a decrease in collagen and elastin synthesis, leading to increased potential pathogens entering the body

skeletal system aging

osteoclast activity outpaces osteoblast activity leading to a net loss of tissue

urinary system aging

kidneys become less adept at removing waste and toxins from the blood

immune system aging

slower wound healing and increased risk of infection

cardiovascular system aging

increase in atherosclerosis and fatty streaks

nervous system aging

brain size decreases 10%impairing memory, hearing, and balance

endocrine system aging

melatonin release is less responsive to change in light

respiratory system aging

elasticity in the alveoli starts to get replaced by collagen

eccentric contraction

arm muscle when placing your backpack on the floor

isometric contraction

holding a coffee mug (hand)

isometric contraction

holding a plank

perceived susceptibility

how likely you think it is that you will be affected

perceived severity

how much you think it would affect you

maximal lactate steady state

the maximum effort without lactate buildup in the muscles

exercise

This is defined as leisure time activity in which planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movements are performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

9%

What is the estimated population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality associated with physical inactivity?

case-control study

Which type of study offers a way to identify adequate numbers of patients even when the outcomes under study are relatively rare?

atherosclerosis

What is a process that begins early in life and if considered by far the most important cause of CVD?

type II diabetes

Which medical condition is most closely associated with obesity?

age

What is the strongest risk factor for dementia

physical activity

This is defined as any bodily movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscle that substantially increases energy expenditure?

correlational (ecological)

Which of the following types of studies use populations as their unit of study?

bus drivers

According to a study done by morris in London, which population of workers was at the highest risk of coronary heart disease due to their job?

overweight

According to the BMI index, a person with a BMI of 27 kg/m falls into which category?

thrombus

This is described as a stationary blood clot that cuts off an artery. The blockage could lead to a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular event.

pulmonary

___ is defined as the type of circulation responsible for the removal of carbon dioxide in exchange for the uptake of oxygen.

strength

What is defined as the ability of a muscle to maximally exert force?

sedentary

The type of activity in which energy expenditure is very low and sitting or lying is the dominant posture.

afterload

The pressure the left ventricle must exert to get the blood out of the heart and into the aorta is called___

cardiomyopathy

____ refers to a group of conditions that weaken and enlarge the myocardium oftentimes decreasing contractility and decreasing ventricular filling.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Which health-related fitness component is described as the ability of the circulatory system and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity?

incidence

This is defined as the number of people who develop the health-related outcome in a specified period of time divided by the sum of the periods of time for which people in the population is at risk. In other words, quantifies the number of a new occurrence of an outcome that develop during a specified time interval.

interventional

This type of study allows researchers to change a variable in one or more groups and measure the effect on the outcome of interest.

stroke volume

The amount of blood pushed out of the heart with a single contraction.

hypertension

Which condition can be described as a long elevation of blood pressure resulting from the heart working hard than normal to pump the blood throughout the body?

preload

_____ is the amount of blood returning to the heart. This blood will eventually move to fill the ventricles.

Heart rate, stroke volume, and contractility

Which of the following affect cardiac output?

pericardium

The heart is made of various levels of tissue. Which encloses the heart and provides protection and support?

left ventricle

Which chamber of the heart I the most likely to be “injured” due to the amount of work it does?

false

true or false Leg pain associated with peripheral vascular disease is known as angina pectoris.

true

true or false Hemorrhagic strokes are rare, yet deadly and typically due to trauma, vessel rupture, or malformation

false

true of false Vascular remodeling occurs due to arteries constricting to keep up the normal blood flow

true

true or false An adaptation is a physiological change that occurs over time and multiple bouts of exercise.

true

true or false John snow, father of epidemiology, solved the cholera problem by removing the water pump handle.

false

true or false Body mass index is a measure of body comp.

true

true or false In CHD, myocardial blood flow is compromised because of progressive narrowing or sudden blocking of coronary arteries.

false

true or false Improvements in fitness are not associated with a lower risk of cvd.

false

true or false All physical activity is exercise, but not all exercise is physical activity.

true

true or false Physical fitness is a set of measurable physiological parameters, examining both health related and skill related factors.

below 3 METs

light intensity

3-6 METs

moderate intensity

6+ METs

vigorous intensity

blood pressure

the force of blood on arterial walls

120/80

normal blood pressure

systolic pressure

120
force in veins during contraction

diastolic pressure

80
force in veins when heart is at rest

eccentric contraction

downward motion of a pushup

concentric contraction

lifting up you arm for a high 5

not isotonic

your thumbs when texting

minerals

Which of the following nutrients is predominantly responsible for helping processes run
throughout the body, but provides no energy?

insulin

Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to produce enough, or has become resistant to
what hormone?