Studied by 6 people
Hipparchus
First recorded start maps
Ptolemy
Geocentric model of solar system
Copernicus
First heliocentric model of solar system
Brache
Incredible observations
Kepler
Laws of planetary motion
Galileo
First to utilize the refractive telescope
Newton
First reflective telescope
Hubble
Observed redshifts of galaxies (close or far)
Penzias and Wilson
Discovered CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)
Hipparchus, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Brache, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Hubble, and Penzias and Wilson
Order of old white male astronomers
Sextant
Instrument that measures angle of stars
Parallax
Apparent motion of star to observers position
Retrograde Motion
When planets appear to move backwards in the sky compared to stars
Reflector Telescope
Mirror based
Refractor Telescope
Lense based telescope
Spectroscope
Breaks down wavelengths of visible light
Space Probes
Robotic spacecraft sent to explore space (no human)
Declination
Celestial Latitude Coordinates (Northern star = 90 degrees)
Right Ascension
Celestial Longitude Coordinates
Ecliptic
The path the sun takes in the sky (rises in east/sets in west)
Zenith
90 degrees above the observer’s head (north pole = north star)
Altitude
How high the star is above the horizon (one first = 10 degrees)
Azimuth
Direction the star is in (N=0 degrees, S = 180 degrees, etc)
Paths of celestial bodies
Very ovally and not round!
Constellations
Groups of stars which appear close together from Earth to form a recognizable shape
S, M, V, E, M, AB, J, S, U, N, KB, and OC
Order of solar system
Keplers Law
All orbits are ellipticsl, equal time = equal area, year is affected by distance from sun
Semi-major Axis
The distance planets are from the sun
Magnitude
how bright a star appears (related to brightness)
Temperature
Average Kinetic Energy
Brightness
Power per unit area (W/m^2)
Luminocity
Power of a star
Composition of a Star
Hydrogen and Helium
Star Sequence
Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence Star, Red Giant, Super Red Giants (split after that)
Astronomical Distances (smallest to largest)
Astronomical Unit, Lightyear, Parsec, Megaparsec
Steady State Theory
The universe looked the same the whole time and won’t change with time
Hubble’s Constant
As things are farther away, the larger the shift in the color spectrum and faster they move
Redshift
When a galaxy is far away and appears more red
Cosmic Microwave Background
Leftover micro radiation left over from the big bang
Closed Universe
“Big Crunch” and gravity wins
Flat Universe
“Critical Density” and the universe never dies
Open Universe
“Big Freeze” and gravity loses
Inflationary Universe
“Big Rip” and gravity loses
Critical Density
All the forces in the universe stay the perfect ratio and the universe continues forever
Note 
Flashcard (86)