APUSH Unit 1 test

Some of the more advanced Native American cultures did all of the following EXCEPT

engage in significant ocean voyages of discovery

Which of the following statements about Native American civilizations is FALSE?

Native Americans left North and South America as an untouched virgin landscape before the arrival of the Europeans.

Which of the following Native American societies built over a dozen multi-story apartment buildings into Chaco Canyon?

Anasazi

Which Native American society developed a complex urban society in central Mexico and built cities that accommodated as many as 200,000 people?

Aztec

The crop that became the staple of life in most North American Native American societies was

corn

The most important change in the prehistoric era in the Americas was

the expansion of agriculture and establishment of sedentary communities.

The Pueblo people of the Southwest

constructed multistoried buildings in canyons and river valleys

For subsistence, native tribes of the High Plains relied in large part on

bison herds

Which of the following Native American societies was the MOST mobile and relied the LEAST on agriculture for survival?

Prairie/Great Plains

Cahokia, a large Indian city in what is now Illinois, was built by

the Mississippians

The Iroquois Confederacy was formed in part for the purpose of

defending themselves against attacks from other tribes in the northeast region.

Which of the following statements about Native American societies in the Northwest is MOST accurate?

they supported themselves by hunting and gathering, and in some areas developed settled communities supported by the vast resources of the ocean

After his first voyage, Christopher Columbus believed that he had

sailed to the outskirts of eastern Asia.

Which of the following best describes the conquistadors?

Spanish noblemen who led private armies to conquer land and people in the Americas.

Which of these reasons did NOT drive the European exploration that led to the "discovery" of the New World?

the desire to make contact and learn from the Native American civilizations

All of the following were Portugal's contributions to the Age of Exploration, EXCEPT

sponsoring Christopher Columbus's voyages.

Which of the following European monarchs was most responsible for helping to launch the earliest phase of the “Age of Exploration?”

Prince Henry of Portugal

Which of the following was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved.

All of the following were results of the "Columbian Exchange” EXCEPT

Through trade, Native Americans acquired gold and silver from Europe.

The export of New World crops to the Old World transformed European society mostly by

improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth

European contact with Native Americans led to

the deaths of millions of Native Americans, who had little resistance to European diseases.

European explorers introduced ____ into the New World

smallpox

In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to

organize and regulate Native American labor

Which of the following was the most IMMEDIATE (short term) effect of the decline in Native American populations following the deadly epidemics introduced by the Columbian Exchange?

European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands

French exploration of North America most directly contributed to which of the following?

The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe

Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France?

The New England colonies were based on both agriculture and commerce.

The French most differed from the Spanish in relations with American Indians in that the French

developed stronger alliances with American Indians

In their relations with the Native Americans, the French and the Dutch

tended to cultivate good relations because of the Native Americans’ knowledge of fur trapping

The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was

fur trapping.

English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English

more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans

How did Native American societies primarily demonstrate environmental adaptation?

By developing unique agricultural and survival strategies based on local ecosystems

The Columbian Exchange primarily resulted in:

Massive global economic and ecological transformation

Which Native American society demonstrated the most complex urban organization before 1492?

Cahokia in the Mississippi River Valley

What motivated early European exploration in the 15th century?

Political unification, stronger monarchies, and desire for Asian trade routes

The caste system in Spanish colonies primarily represented:

A rigid racial hierarchy based on ancestry

Portuguese maritime innovations included:

Astrolabes and improved ship designs

The encomienda system primarily functioned as:

A method of forced Native labor for agriculture and mining

Which region's Native Americans were characterized as nomadic hunter-gatherers?

Great Basin and Great Plains

The Columbian Exchange introduced which of these to the Americas?

Tomatoes

Smallpox

Horses

European exploration was fundamentally driven by:

Economic ambition and political centralization

The Pueblo societies were primarily characterized by:

Settled farming with advanced irrigation

Which factor most significantly contributed to Native population decline?

European-introduced diseases

The joint-stock company model emerged as a result of:

Need to fund expensive exploration

Native American trade networks were characterized by:

Extensive interconnected systems

The shift from feudalism to capitalism in Europe was primarily driven by:

Wealth influx from the Americas

Chinook societies were notable for:

Plank houses and complex kinship groups

The primary economic motivation for European exploration was:

Accessing Asian luxury goods

African slaves were initially preferred in Spanish colonies because:

They were familiar with Europeans and more disease-resistant

Native American societies demonstrated diversity through:

Environmental adaptation

The Chumash society was distinguished by:

Villages of ~1,000 people with trade networks

How did the Columbian Exchange fundamentally transform social and economic structures in Europe?

It gradually shifted economic systems from feudalism to capitalism

Which technological advancement most critically enabled European exploration during this period?

Sextant

How did Native Americans in different regions primarily sustain themselves?

Mixed agriculture and hunting strategies

What motivated European exploration during this period?

Gold, Glory, and God

How did the Encomienda System fundamentally impact Native American populations?

Exploited Native labor and resources

What strategy did Africans use to preserve cultural autonomy in the Western Hemisphere?

Combining Christianity with African religious practices

How did European perspectives typically rationalize colonization of Native lands?

Beliefs of racial and cultural superiority

What agricultural product dramatically transformed Native American societies in the Southwest?

Maize

How did the Columbian Exchange impact Native American populations most significantly?

Devastating disease transmission

What replaced Native American labor in the Spanish colonial economic system?

African slave labor

How did maize cultivation represent a transformative agricultural innovation for Native American societies?

It enabled more stable settlement patterns

Which strategy most effectively demonstrated African cultural resistance during colonization?

Maintaining traditional religious practices

How did the Encomienda System fundamentally alter indigenous economic structures?

It systematically exploited Native labor for Spanish economic gain

What demographic consequence most dramatically impacted Native populations during European contact?

Significant population decline through disease

How did joint-stock companies transform European economic models during exploration?

They distributed financial risk across multiple investors