Circuit Analysis Revision

Req = (1/Req)^-1

Equivalent resistance of the parallel resistors

Req = R1 + R2

Equivalent resistance of the serial resistors

Ceq = (1/Ceq)^-1

Equivalent capacitance for the serial capacitors

Ceq = C1 + C2

Equivalent capacitance for the parallel capacitors

voltage, current

In the parallel arrangement of the resistors, their _______ is the same across all of the resistors however the _______ varies depending on the resistors value.

current, voltage

When the resistors are arranged in a serial manner, their _______ is the same through all of them, however now the _______ varies depending on the value of their resistors

charges, voltage

When the capacitors are in the parallel arrangement their _______ add up but the _______ is the same across all of them.

voltage, charge

When a capacitor is arranged in the series, literally each of the capacitor stores the same amount of ______ but their _______ is now what varies

larger

In series, ______ resistors will dissipate more power

smaller

In parallel, _______ resistors will dissipate more power.

ΣI(in) = ΣI(out)

Kirchhoff’s junction rule

ΣV = 0

Kirchhoff‘s loop rule

U = qV

Potential energy formula

ΔV = Vb - Va = -IR or +V

In the ab resistor, where a is the lhs and b is rhs,

When the direction of travel is in the same direction of the current then

[end point arrow’s voltage - start arrow voltage] (of current)

For a battery: (higher potential - lower potential) [agar travel me negative pehle aa jaaye]

ΔV = Va - Vb = IR or -V

In the ab resistor, where a is the lhs and b is rhs,

When the direction of travel is in the opposite direction of the current then

[start arrow voltage - end point arrow’s voltage] (of current)

For a battery: (lower potential - higher potential) [agar travel me positive pehle aa jaaye]

internal resistances, emf

In series connection of batteries, their ____________________ and their ___ can be added together

ε1 - Ir1 + ε2 - Ir2 - IR = 0; [(ε1 + ε2) - I(r1 + r2)] - IR = 0

Kirchhoff’s loop rule on the multiple battery (in series) circuit.

V(terminal) = (ε1 - Ir1) + (ε2 - Ir2) = [(ε1 + ε2) - I(r1 + r2)] = (ε1 + ε2) - Ireq

Terminal voltage formula for multiple cells connected in series

Yes, it is true

Is it true that batteries are connected in series in order to increase the voltage supplied

(ε1 - Ir1) + (ε2 - Ir2) = IR; Ir1 + Ir2 + IR = ε1 + ε2; I = (ε1 + ε2)/(r1 + r2 + R)

Formula for finding the current in the load when it is placed across the voltage source in series

together, together, emf

When the batteries are connected in parallel their positive terminals are connected ________ and their negative terminals are connected ________. Their ___ are identical

I = ε/( || req + R)

Formula for finding the current in the load when it is placed across the voltage sources in parallel

internal resistance, current, smaller

When the batteries are connected in parallel, they can reduce the ___________________ and therefore can produce a larger _______. The equivalent internal resistance here is _______ than the individual internal resistance.

V(terminal) = ε - I*(|| req)

Terminal voltage for batteries that are connected in parallel

Photovoltaic generation

The conversion of sunlight directly into electricity, which is based upon photoelectric effect.

Photoelectric effect

Photons are hitting the surface of the solar cell, which then creates an electric current in the cell.

Pure silicon

Element from which the solar cells are made from.

Incident solar radiation or insolation

The current output is a function of the amount of sunlight falling on the cell.

100mA/cm^2

Current density produced by a typical single solar cell under a bright noon.

36, 72, 50W, 140W, unidirectional

A solar cell array usually consists of between __ to __ , with a power output of ___ to ____. Solar cells provide a ______________ current.