AP HUMAN GEO - Ch. 13 Spatial Arrangement of Agriculture AMSCO vocab

Bid-rent theory

different land users are prepared to pay different amounts, the bid rents, for locations at various distances from the city center.

Capital intensive

production processes that use a high ratio of capital to labor inputs

Labor intensive

Type of industry in which labor cost is a high percentage of expense.

Factory farming

a system of large-scale industrialized and intensive agriculture that is focused on profit with animals kept indoors and restricted in mobility

aquafarming

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Double cropping

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

intercropping

Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.

multicropping

refers to planting multiple crops on the same land during the same seasons

monoculture

the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.

monocropping

An agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species or variety

feedlots

confined space used for the controlled feeding of animals

agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Transnational corporations

business corporations located in two or more countries

Vertical integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Economies of scale

long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases

Commodity chain

series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market

Carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Cool chains

transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

Location theory

deals with why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity - factories, stores, restaurants or agriculture

Von Thünen Model

shows all agricultural products and the importance of their proximity to their marketplace

Isotropic plain

an area with human and physical geographic features are uniform throughout the entire area

horticulture

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

Bid-price curve

The relationship of production and distance to market

Free-market economy

a system in which government does not intervene (or intervenes only minimally) in the production and control of goods and services

Supply chains

the sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity.

Luxury crops

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

Neocolonialism

A new form of global power relationships that involves not direct political control but economic exploitation by multinational corporations

Fair trade movement

an effort to promote higher incomes for producers and for more sustainable farming practices

subsidies

Financial support from the government

infrastructure

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

Comparitive advange

The principle whereby individuals (or territories) produce those goods or services for which they have the greatest cost or efficiency advantage over others and the lowest opportunity cost.