Anatomy Lab Final

Frontalis

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Occipitalis

pulls scalp posteriorly

galea aponeurotica

tendon that connects frontalis and occipitals

orbicularis oculi

Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting

levator palpebrae superioris

elevates upper eyelid, opens eye

orbicularis oris

closes and protrudes lips

zygomaticus major

retracts and elevates corner of mouth (smiling)

Zygomaticus Minor

retracts and elevates upper lip

Buccinator

Used to suck in your cheeks

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip (sneering)

depressor anguli oris

depresses corner of mouth, "frowning muscle"

levator anguli oris

elevates angle of mouth; smiling muscle

depressor labii inferioris

depresses lower lip (frown)

Mentalis

wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip (pout)

Risorius

draws corner of mouth laterally (grimace)

Platysma

Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress the mandible

Temporalis

elevates and retracts mandible (closes jaw)

Masseter

elevates mandible and closes jaw

tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing; a taste organ

Digastric

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

Geniohyoid

elevates hyoid bone

Mylohyoid

elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth

Stylohyoid

elevates and retracts hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid Muscle

depresses the hyoid and raises the larynx

Omohyoid

depresses hyoid bone

Sternohyoid

depresses hyoid

Sternothyroid

depresses thyroid cartilage (voice box)

Sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck; rotates head

Scalenes

Action: elevates ribs 1 and 2, aid in inspiration.

Trapezius

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm

splenius capitis

Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head

semispinalis capitis

extends head, bends head to one side, or rotates head

levator scapulae

Elevates scapula and rotates it downward

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the skull's temporal and mandibular bones.

Flexion

bending a joint

extension

Straightening of a joint

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Elevation

raising a body part

Depression

lowering a body part

Supination

turning the palm upward or the foot sole upward

Pronation

turning the palm downward

Diaphragm

The large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

external intercostals

elevates ribs

internal intercostals

depress ribs

external abdominal oblique

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk

internal abdominal oblique

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates waist

Transverse Abdominis

compress abdominal contents

rectus abdominis

flexes vertebral column

tendinous intersections

three transverse bands of collagen fibers that divide the rectus abdominis into segments

linea alba

midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

inguinal ligament

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

latissimus dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward

pectoralis major

Adducts and flexes humerus, chest muscle

pectoralis minor

protraction and depression of scapula

Supraspinatus

Abducts arm; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles

serratus anterior

pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

rhomboid major

adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Deltoid

shoulder muscle

Infraspinatus

Laterally rotates shoulder; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles. Posterior Side of the scapula

Subscapularis

medially rotates arm, anterior side of scapula

teres major

extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Teres Minor

rotates arm laterally, stabilizes shoulder joint

biceps brachii

flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally

Brachialis

flexes forearm

triceps brachii

extends forearm

flexor retinaculum

transverse carpal ligament

flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes and adducts wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

palmaris longus

flexes wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexes wrist and abducts hand

pronator teres

Pronates forearm and flexes elbow

extensor retinaculum

holds tendons of extensor muscles in place

Brachioradialis

flexes forearm

extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends wrist and abducts hand

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extends wrist and abducts hand

extensor digitorum

extends fingers 2-5

extensor carpi ulnaris

extends and adducts wrist

hypothenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

thenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

psoas major

Flexes thigh on hip

Iliacus

flexes thigh at hip joint

gluteus maximus

extends thigh; laterally rotates thigh

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates thigh

tensor fasciae latae

flexes and abducts thigh

adductor longus

adducts thigh

adductor magnus

Adducts thigh, posterior portion extends and anterior portion flexes thigh

Pectineus

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

quadricepts femoris

Group of four muscles located at the front and side of the thigh

rectus femoris

extends leg at knee

vastus medialis

extends knee

vastus lateralis

extends knee

vastus intermedius

extends knee

Semitendinosus

Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at the hip; belongs to the hamstring group

Semimembranosus

Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at the hip; belongs to the hamstring group

biceps femoris

extends thigh and flexes leg

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee

Gracilis

adducts thigh

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexes and inverts foot

extensor digitorum longus

extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, everts foot