Reform Movements Review

Reform

To make changes in order to bring about improvement, end abuses, or correct injustices.

Second Great Awakening

A revival of religious feeling and belief from the 1800s to the 1840s.

Transcendentalism

A philosophy emphasizing that people should transcend, or go beyond, logical thinking to reach true understanding, with they help of emotions and intuition.

Abolitionist

A person who supported abolition, or the end of slavery.

Seneca Falls Convention

The gathering of supporters of women's rights in July 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY that launched the movements for the women's right to vote.

Declaration of Sentiments

A formal statement of injustices suffered by women, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton of the Seneca Falls Convention. Inspired by the Declaration of Independence.

Sojourner Truth

Former African-American slave who preached women's rights and fought to end slavery.

Frederick Douglass

Former African-American slave who was an important leader in the abolitionist movement. Through his writings (autobiography) and speeches, he waged a fierce campaign against slavery. Editor abolitionist newspaper- North Star

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Powerful speech writer who advocated women's rights, women's suffrage, and to disprove bias and sexual discriminations.

Dorothea Dix

Campaigned for prison reform, by keeping children out of adult jail, giving treatment to the mentally ill, and improving prison conditions.

Horace Mann

Supported expanding educational opportunities for women and African-Americans. He later became the 1st President of Antioch College, located in Ohio for men and women. He was also the state supervisor for education in Massachusetts.

William Lloyd Garrison

Published a newspaper called "The Liberator" in the 1830s. He called for not only an end to slavery, but also full equality for African-Americans.

Harriett Tubman

Conductor of the Underground Railroad - strong Abolitionist.

Susan B. Anthony

Active reform who was good friends with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She preached against slavery in both white/black churches and helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention.

Temperance

A social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol.

Quakers

Protestant reformers who believe in the equality of all people - first to call for an end to slavery

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

Lyman Beecher

minister who spoke against alcohol consumption

13th Amendment (1865)

abolished slavery

Henry David Thoreau

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.

21st Amendment

Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.