Studied by 10 people
Flexibility
Range of movement at a joint
Cardiovascular Endurance
Ability to continuously exercise without tiring
Balance
Ability to keep a body's centre of mass over its base support
Strength
The ability of your muscles to exert a force.
Coordination
Ability to use different body parts together accurately and fluently
Agility
Ability to change direction with speed
Power
Combination of speed and strength
Muscular Endurance
Ability of a group of muscles to repeatedly contract without tiring
Speed
Ability of the body or parts of the body to move quickly
Reaction Time
The time taken to respond to a stimulus.
Test for cardiovascular endurance
12 minute cooper run
Test for muscular endurance
Abdominal curl test
Test for speed
30m sprint
Test for strength
Hand grip dynamometer test
Test for power
Vertical jump test
Test for flexibility
sit and reach
Test for agility
Illinois agility test
Test for balance
Standing stork test
Test for coordination
hand ball toss
Test for reaction time
Ruler drop test
What is the function of red blood cells
transport oxygen to all parts of the body to provide oxygen for movement
Define vasodilation
Muscles in the blood vessels relax, causing lumen to widen to enable increased blood flow
What is diastole?
Relaxation of the heart
What is systole?
Contraction of the heart
What is the correct order of the cardiac system
1. Deoxygenated blood returning from the body enters the right atrium \n 2. Deoxygenated blood then enters the right atrium, as it fills it forces the tricuspid valve open and blood flows into the right ventricle \n 3. Blood is then ejected out of the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery which takes blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The semi-lunar valves close to stop backflow into the ventricle \n 4. Gaseous occurs at the lungs and the blood becomes oxygenated \n 5. Oxygenated blood then passes through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium \n 6. Blood fills the left atrium and forces the bicuspid valve open. Blood enters the left ventricle \n 7. Blood is ejected out of the left ventricle via the aorta in order to deliver oxygen around the bod
What is heart rate?
The number of times the heart beats per minute
What is stroke volume?
the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volumne
Define all parts of the heart
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Tricuspid valve
Semi-lunar valves
Septum
Left ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
How is blood distributed around the body during exercise
Blood goes around the body
Delivers oxygen to working muscles
Muscles that need oxygen the most receive it the most instead of other areas
What is an artery?
A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Describe the structure of arteries
-thick muscle and elastic fibre walls
-narrow lumen to maintain high blood pressure
What is a capillary?
Very tiny, branching blood vessel where gas exchange occurs.
Describe the structure of capillaries
Thin walls - one cell thick
Short diffusion distance
Narrow lumen
What is a vein?
a vessel that carries Deoxygenated blood to the heart
Describe the structure of a vein
→ thin walls as blood pressure is low
→ wide lumen (space inside)
→ valves to stop backflow (blood going backwards)
Define respiration
The transport of air from outside the body to cells inside the body
What is breathing rate?
number of breaths inspired (taken) per minute
What is minute ventilation?
The volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in a minute
Equation for minute ventilation
tidal volume x respiratory rate
Vê = Vr x RR
What are alveoli?
tiny air sacs in the lungs
Name the parts of the respiratory system
Trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli , diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs
Give example of sport which would involve anaerobic exercise
Tennis
Give example of sport which would involve aerobic exercise
Short distance sprint
aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic respiration equation
glucose --> lactic acid + energy
What is lactic acid?
a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.
How does lactic acid affect performance
Can cause muscle pain and cramps
anaerobic respiration ...
Doesn't require oxygen
Short-term effect of exercise
Increased cardiac output
Increased muscle temperature
Long term effects of exercise
Muscular endurance and strength increases \n Denser bones \n Heart becomes bigger and stronger \n Train harder/longer
Denser bones
Heart becomes bigger and stronger
Train harder/longer
Name all parts of the muscular system
Deltoid, pectorals, biceps, abdominals, quadriceps, trapezius, triceps, latissimus dorsi, gluteals, hamstrings, gastronemius
Define agonist
The muscle responsible for instigating the movement by contracting
Define antagonist
The muscle that allows the movement to happen by relaxing
Define fixator
Muscles that stabilise other areas of the body required
First class lever
effort, fulcrum, load ( EFL )
Second class lever
fulcrum, load, effort ( FLE )
Third class lever
fulcrum, effort, load ( FEL )
Define mechanical advantage
The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small force
Describe the lever in a lever system
The bone
Describe the fulcrum in a lever system
The joint
Describe the effort in a lever system
The force from the muscles
Describe the load in a lever system
Weight of the body part/ an object
Planes of Movement: SAGITTAL
Allows flexion, extension - bicep curl - walking
Planes of movement: FRONTAL
Allows adduction, abduction - jumping jack
Planes of movement: TRANSVERSE
Allows rotation -
Axes of Rotation: Longitudinal
Vertical axis from top to bottom
Plane - Transverse
Allows rotation
Axes of Rotation: Frontal
Horizontal front to back
Plane - Frontal
Allows adduct, abduct
Axes of Rotation: Transverse
Horizontal from side to side
Plane - Transverse
Allows flexion, extension
Note 
Flashcard (43)