pt 3

gulag

Russian prison camp for political prisoners

decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

mandate system

Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision

balfour declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

civil disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences

mohandas ghandi

A philosopher from India, this man was a spiritual and moral leader favoring India's independence from Great Britain. He practiced passive resistance, civil disobedience and boycotts to generate social and political change

jawaharlal nehru

Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964)

mao zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

chiang kai-shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

pan-arabism

movement in which Arabs sought to unite all Arabs into one state

indian national congress

Major Indian political party; began as leading organization of Indian independence movement

satyagraha movement

concept introduced in the early 20th century by Mahatma Gandhi to designate a determined but nonviolent resistance to evil

salt march

passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.

Chinese Communist Party

Authoritarian party that has ruled China from 1949 to the present

long march

The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek.

palestine

A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.

pakistan

a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley

neville chamberlin

Great British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement

kristallnacht

(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people