Studied by 71 peopleCulture:
all of a group's learned behaviors,actions, beliefs, and objects are a part of this
Cultural traits:
The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions
Taboo:
behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture
Traditional/Folk culture:
beliefs, values and practices that are passed down through generations and generally resistant to rapid changes
Global/Popular culture:
cultural traits that spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups around the world
Cultural landscape:
the modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that groups cultural beliefs and values
Material culture:
cultural objects that consist of tangible things or those that can be experienced by the senses
Artifacts:
an object made by human beings
Mentifacts:
intangible concepts or those not having a physical presence
Nonmaterial culture:
Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched
Sociofacts:
ways people organize their society and relate to one another
Traditional architecture:
a style that reflects a local cultures history, beliefs, values and community adaptations
Post modern architecture:
developed after the 1960s that focuses on high rise construction and large amounts of steel and glass
Cultural realms:
several regions that have a few traits that they all share
Sequent occupancy:
The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
Culture hearth
where a religion or ethnicity began
Ethnicity:
membership in a group of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history and common experiences
Centripetal forces:
those that unify a group of people or region
Centrifugal forces:
those that divide a group of people or a region
Ethnocentrism:
people who believe that their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures
Cultural relativism:
the concept that a persons or groups beliefs, values, norms and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other groups culture
Cultural appropriation:
the action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture
Diffusion
the spread of information, ideas, behaviors and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas
Relocation diffusion:
the spread of culture and or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them
Expansion diffusion
the spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration
Contagious diffusion:
when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people
Hierarchical diffusion
the spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influences
Stimulus diffusion:
when an underlying idea from a cultural hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait
Lingua franca:
a common language used by people who do not share the same native language
Pidgin language
when speakers of two different languages have extensive contact with each other, often because of trade, they sometimes develop this
Creole language
when two or more languages mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language
Social constructs
Ideas, concepts or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature
Time space convergence
the greater interconnection between places that results from improvements in transportation
Cultural convergence
cultures becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas and beliefs
Cultural divergence
the idea that culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation and modern technology create divisions and changes
Indo European language family
a large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago
Romance languages
Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian and Romanian
Isoglosses
the boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usages
Dialects
variations in accent, grammar, usage and spelling
Official language
designated by the law to be the language of the government
Note
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