Lecture 4a: depression

MDD criteria

5+ criteria fufilled in the past 2 weeks

• AT LEAST either

  • Depressed mood mostly everyday dimished pleasure in most/all activity 24/7

Exclusion criteria

criteria that might exclude someone from a diagnosis

• medical issue

• substance abuse

• manic/hypomanic

• not explained better by another disorder

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

metric for measuring impact of conditions

• MDD heaviest burden

Lifetime prevelance

% meeting criteria at some point (16.6%)

Current prevelance

% meeting criteria right now (7.1%)

Biopsychosocial model

model that explains how biological, psychological, and social factors all influence development of disorder

Behavior genetics

Study of degree to which genes and environment influence behavior

• establishes heritability

Molecular genetics

study of degree to which particular genes and environment have impact on behavior

Serotonin

regulates eating, sex, aggression, ect, lower in MDD

Norepinophonin

regulate heartrate, bp, resperation, lower in MDD

Dopamine

exploratory+pleasure seeking, lower in MDD

Prefrontal cortex in MDD

complex functioning, cognition, lower valume and functionality

hippocampus

memory, lower volume in MDD

anterior cingulate

stress response, emotional expression, higher activity in MDD

Amygdala

emotional processes, negative emotions, higher in MDD

Nueroendorcrime system

regulates hormones that influence basic motivation

hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA)

produces stress hormone (cortisol), increased acitivty and overreactivity in MDD

Becks cognitive theory

depression from negative interpretation of everyday events

cognitive triad

negative thoughts about world, self, future

cognitive therapy

treatment for MDD that targets maldaptive thoughts