Changing places

Define location

It is the physical point of where a place is

Define place

A place is a location that has different meanings to various people

Define locale

Locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities, e.g. a school or a park, shape social interactions and experiences.

Define sense of place

the subjective, personal and emotional attachment to place

Define placelessness

It suggest a place is not unique e.g chain stores

Give an example of placelessness and its effect

For example, chain stores like Costa can change people’s sense of place

what did Yu fu tuan suggest

Suggested attachment to a place grows stronger over time. As you have more experience, you are more likely to get attached.

give a quote from Yi Fu-Tuan

‘when space feels thoroughly familiar to us, it has become place’

What is the link between attatchment and experiences

The greater the intensity and the number of experiences, the greater the depth of attachmentto a place.

What two things did Yu-Fu Tuan suggest?

Topophilia and Topophobia

define positionality

the factors which influence how we perceive different places

define topophilia

a positive attachment to a place

define topophobia

the negative attachment to a place

define a near place

places which are close to us, they are subjective

define far places

a distant place

define experienced places

places that we have visited and developed our own sense of place

define a media place

places that we have formed a perception of based on the media

define genius loci

Genius loci is the spirit of a place. It suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere

define place character

the specific qualities, attributes or features of a location that make it unique

what is place character affected by

endogenous and exogenous factors

what is an endogenous factor

those which originate from within a place and are local

name some endogenous factors

Land use, topography, infrastructure, demographic characteristics such as age, built environment such as the architecture

what is an exogenous factor

factors which originate from outside a place. They provide links and relationships with other places

name 3 exogenous factors and real-life examples

• people- impacts of tourists, workers, migrants and refugees. Example- Germany has around 1.4 million asylum seekers who integrate into their society

• money and investment- trade deals, tac, major events, new business investments. Example- Investment into London borough Startford during and after the hosting of the olympics

• resources- availability of raw materials, products, food, water and energy. Example- UK food network is secure due to good transportation

  • ideas- entrepeneurs may move to an area bring new businesses with them. Example- Detroit has been impacted by ideas of urban planners to develop the city and led to a positive outcome.

define insider

people who feel at home within a place

what are the characteristics for an insider

• born in the place

• hold a citizenship for the country

• fluent in the local language and conform with idioms

  • Conforms with social norms and behavioural traits of the place

define an outsider

They may not be born in the place, the opposite of an insider

what is meant by ‘the other’

refers to people who are unfamiliar or different to the self

when can ‘the other’ be a problem

when there are social or conflict tensions where people do not have the same identity. It is easier to be prejudiced

what is place meaning

refers to the sense of place and character that different people give to a place. it is how a place is represented by tourist organisations, governments, corporate bodies and community groups

what does it mean when a group drives changes to a place

forces of change

name some forces of change

community groups, governments, councils, individuals, TNC’s

define rebranding

process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location. This could be to encourage tourism by promoting endogenous or exogenous factors and discard negative perceptions.

give an example of rebranding

advertising campaigns, and infrastructure changes. Rebranding slough with the new slogan ‘proud to be slough’

define reimaging

aims to discard negative perceptions and seeks a change for poor pre-exisiting image of a place. It generates a new positive set of ideas feelings and attitudes to the place.

give an example of re-imaging

Liverpool in 2004- Waterfront was declared a UNESCO World Herotage Site for its historic importance as a trading port.

Name 3 past processes of development

Urbanisation, suburbanisation, counter urbanisation

Name three present processes of development

gentrification, regeneration, studentification

name the causes of urbanisation

• Natural population increase

• Rural to urban migration

  • Industrialisation

name the impacts of urbanisation

• deforestation

• habitat loss

• overcrowding

  • more job opportunities

name causes and impacts of gentrification and an example

Causes:

• area has a rapidly increasing population and an influx of wealthier houses

• to improve an area

Impacts

• rapid job growth

• displaces a group of people through urban renewal

• increased property values

• less affordable housing

• improved public transportation

Example- Portsmouth

name causes and impacts of regeneration and an example

Causes:

• visually unappealing conditions

• poor urban living conditions

• dereliction

Impacts:

• tourism- generates revenue

• increasing income

• gentrification

example- Liverpool and Bristol